不同施肥对水稻土作物碳同化与土壤碳固定的影响——以太湖地区黄泥土肥料长期试验为例  

Effect of different fertilization practices on crop carbon assimilation and soil carbon sequestration: A case of a paddy under a long-term fertilization trial from the Tai Lake region,China

作　　者：潘根兴[1] 周萍[1] 张旭辉[1] 李恋卿[1] 郑聚锋[1] 邱多生 储秋华 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,南京210095 [2]江苏省吴江市芦墟镇农业技术推广站,吴江222300

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第11期3704-3710,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(40231016)~~

摘　　要：肥料施用对农田土壤生产力及土壤碳循环的影响是农业与陆地生态系统碳循环及全球变化研究的重要科学问题。以太湖地区黄泥土的长期肥料定位试验为例，研究不同施肥处理对水稻土，作物系统作物碳同化及土壤碳固定的影响。所研究的肥料施用处理包括不施肥（NF）、单施化肥（CF）、化肥与秸秆配施（CFS）以及化肥与猪粪配施（CFM）4个处理，始于1987年，一直实行稻．油轮作，实行少耕。连续观测水稻和油菜的产量，并于2004年和2005年分别采集了土壤剖面样品和耕作层（0—5cm和5-15cm）土壤，测定土壤总有机碳含量。研究表明，不同施肥处理对水稻产量有显著影响，尤其以配施有机无机肥处理水稻产量显著最高且最为稳定，而对油菜产量的影响不明显。施肥显著提高了耕层土壤碳密度，而对全土碳密度没有显著影响。施肥处理的固碳速率介于0．1-0．4t/（hm^2·a），配施有机肥处理显著高于单施化肥处理。相关分析表明，土壤固碳速率与作物根茬＋有机肥源碳的总碳输入量呈显著的对数关系。这提示土壤有机碳积累主要与作物产量有关，而并非依变于有机肥源碳输入。因此，与作物产量直接关联的作物碳输入的增加是土壤中碳固定提高的重要途径。施入N素对水稻碳同化和土壤碳固定的效应均为化肥配施有机肥处理显著高于单施化肥处理，这揭示化肥配施有机肥是提高与稳定稻田生产力和促进土壤固碳和温室气体减排的双赢措施。当然，不同施肥下上述效应的差异可能与土壤-作物系统中碳分配和土壤生物碳利用的差异有关。Effect of fertilization on crop productivity and C cycling of cropland soils has been one of the loci in research of C cycling and global change. Taking an example of a long-term fertilization trial in a Ferric-accumlic Stagnic Anthrosols from the Tai Lake region, China, the effect of different fertilization treatments on crop C assimilation as indicated by grain yield and soil C sequestration was studied in this paper. The fertilization treatments studied were ： no fertilizer application（ NF）, chemical fertilizers only（CF）, combined fertilization of chemical fertilizers and straw return（CFS） and pig manure（CFM）, respectively. The treatment plots were arranged in random block design in triplicates. The trials had been performed with rotation of rice and rape under minimum tillage consistently since 1987. The yield of rice and rapeseed was measured every year. Whole soll profile was sampled by depth interval sampling procedure in 2004 and topsoil samples from 0 - 5cm and 5 - 15cm were collected in 2005 after rice harvest. Soil organic carbon （SOC） content of the samples was determined with the wet combustion method. Significant difference in mean rice yield was observed between the treatments but in rape. Higher and more stable yield of rice was found under CFM and CFS than under CF. Effect of fertilization on C content and storage of topsoil but of whole profile was recognized. There had been a prominent topsoil C sequestration at rates of 0.1 - 0.4t/（hm^2·a） under fertilization. The increase of topsoil SOC content and storage was in proportional to the mean annual crop yield as described by well correlations of SOC content and C sequestration rate with root biomass input and total OC input to the soil. This demonstrated a key role of enhanced biomass C input in C sequestration of the paddy. Moreover, effect of applied N beth on rice C assimilation as indicated by grain yield and soil C sequestration turned stronger under combined fertilizations. This, in turn, evidenced a Win-Win effec

关 键 词：水稻土 土壤碳固定 长期试验 施肥措施 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]