山丘型地区钉螺孳生数量与植被和土壤环境因子的关系  

Relationships between the Quantity of Oncomelania and Environmental Factors of Vegetation and Soil in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

作　　者：蒋俊明[1] 何亚平[1] 费世民[1] 黄玲玲[2] 陈秀明[1] 张旭东[2] 徐嘉[1] 何飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,成都610081 [2]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2006年第4期33-39,共7页Wetland Science & Management

摘　　要：本文研究了四川仁寿山丘型地区钉螺孳生与植被和环境因素的关系。结果表明:(1)草本群落物种丰富度、草本盖度、草本高度影响钉螺的孳生数量,钉螺分布适宜的草本群落的物种丰富度为4～14,草本群落盖度为60%～100%,高度为20～50cm;(2)土壤水分含量、温度和盐分均影响钉螺的孳生数量,钉螺分布最适宜的土壤水分含量为20%～60%,温度为15～30℃,盐分为60～120ms/m;(3)各环境因子和钉螺密度曲线可以看出,物种丰富度、草本高度、草本盖度、土壤水分含量、土壤温度和盐分含量与钉螺密度间均呈现抛物线或抛物线状曲线;(4)在样地和样方水平,土壤水分含量和钉螺密度存在稳定的线性相关关系,表明土壤水分含量是影响钉螺孳生的主导因素。因此,钉螺对各环境因素存在适应范围,表明钉螺对潮湿环境具有严格的选择性和依赖性,这种生态特性和钉螺本身的生物学特征密切相连。The relationships between the quantity of Oncomelania and environmental factors of vegetation and soil in Renshou county of Sichuan province, a hilly and mountainous area of Oncomelania distribution were studied in this paper. The results showed： 1） Species abundance, plant coverage and height of plants in herbaceous communities had impacts on the quantity of Oncomelania, and herbaceous communities with species abundance of 4-14, coverage of 60-100% and plant height of 20-50 cm were suitable for Oncomelania. and; 2）Soil moisture, temperature and salt content had influences on the quantity of Oncomelania, suitable soil moisture, temperature and salt content were 20-60%, 15-30？ and 60- 120 ms/m respectively; 3） According to regression analyses, all environmental factors including species abundance, plant height, plant coverage, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil salt content were related to Oncomelania density in a parabola form; 4） A stable linear correlation was found between soil moisture and Oncomelania density, implying that the soil moisture was the dominant factor affecting Oncomelania. These results indicated that Oncomelania was strictly dependent and selective on moisture content in the habitat, and this ecological feature is closely related to its own biological characteristics.

关 键 词：钉螺 山丘型 环境因子 

分 类 号：R184[医药卫生—流行病学]