冬季北极海冰面积异常与中国气温变化之间的年际关系  

Interannual Relationship between Arctic Sea Ice Concentration Anomaly and China Air Temperature Variation during Winter

作　　者：解小寒[1] 杨修群[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学灾害性天气气候研究所,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第6期549-561,共13页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2004CB418303);国家自然科学基金(40425009;40233028)

摘　　要：利用1957-2001年冬季的北极海冰资料、中国160站气温资料以及NCEP再分析的大气环流资料分析了冬季北极海冰面积异常与中国气温变化之间的年际关系.过去44年来,北极海冰面积总体上具有减小趋势(鄂霍次克海是例外,那里海冰面积有增加趋势),相应地北极涛动趋于增强,我国大部分地区趋于增暖.叠加这种趋势变化之上的是年际变化.在年际时间尺度上,冬季海冰变化的主要空间型表现为格陵兰海和白令海的海冰异常总是和鄂霍次克海、巴伦支海东部、喀拉海(新地岛附近)以及哈得孙湾的海冰异常符号相反,并且与500 hPa高度场上的EU和WP型遥相关对应.当冬季格陵兰海和白令海的海冰异常偏少,而鄂霍次克海、巴伦支海东部、喀拉海(新地岛附近)以及哈得孙湾的海冰异常偏多时,西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压都偏弱,冬季风减弱,东亚西风增强,我国冬季大部分地区温度升高;反之亦然.Interannual relationship between Arctie sea ice concentration anomaly and China air temperature variation during winter is investigated with the observed Arctic sea ice concentration data, air temperature records at 160 stations in China and NCEP reanalysis data for atmosphere during 1957--2001. Arctic winter sea ice area has a decreasing trend over the period of 1957--2001, except in the Okhotsk Sea where the sea ice area has an increasing trend. Accordingly, the Arctic Oscillation strengthens and the winter temperature rises in most part of China. Superimposed upon the trend is the interannual variability. On the interannual scale, the typical pattern in the sea ice variability is characterized by the sea ice anomalies in the Greenland and Bering Seas opposite to those in the Sea of Okhotsk, the east of Barents Sea, Kara Sea and Hudson Bay. This pattern in the sea ice corresponds to visible EU and WP teleconnection patterns in the 500 hPa height field. I,ess sea ice in the Greenland and Bering Seas together with more sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk, the east of Barents Sea, Kara Sea and Hudson Bay during winter coincides with weaker Siberian high, Aleutian low and East Asian monsoon, stronger westerly in East Asia, and warmer air temperature in most part of China; and vice versa.

关 键 词：北极海冰 中国冬季气温 大气环流 

分 类 号：P434[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]