应用离子交换树脂膜法评价缓释复合肥料供肥特性的研究  

Assessing nutrient supplying characteristics of slow-release-compound fertilizer by ion exchange resin membrane

作　　者：李清荣[1] 王正银[1] 胡小凤[1] 董燕[1] 李泽碧[1] 王慧敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学,重庆400715

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2006年第6期887-895,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家863计划(No.2001AA246022和2004AA246020)项目资助

摘　　要：在25℃连续恒温培养条件下，采用离子交换树脂膜（IERM）提取，测定了不同缓释复合肥料（SRCF）在土壤中的氮、磷、钾养分的供肥特性，并与盆栽水稻的养分吸收进行比较。结果表明：56d内2种SRCF在土壤中NO3^--N和NH4^＋-N养分的日均供应量占普通复合肥（NCF）的3.3％～58．1％，并以NH4^＋-N〉NO^3- -N；2种SRCF的H2PO4^-和K^＋的日均供应量占磷、钾施用量分别为NCF的14．9％、23．2％和92＋7％、64．5％。与NCF相比，SRCF氮紊和磷素养分在土壤中释放具有明显的缓释作用。Elovich和抛物线扩散方程的b值可分别用来表征SRCF的NO3^--N、H2PO4^-和NH^4＋-N、K^＋养分在土壤中释放后被吸收的日均供肥量。用离子交换树脂膜法提取测定的SRCF养分在土壤中的供肥特性与该法测定的土壤本身养分的供肥特性相似。SRCF氮、磷、钾养分累积释放量与盆栽水稻氮、磷、钾养分吸收量呈显著或极显著的正相关（r=0．869^8～0．994^＊＊）。用离子交换树脂膜提取测定和评价缓释复合肥料在土壤中养分的供肥特性是一种比较理想的方法。Continuous incubation experiment was conducted to study supplying characteristics of nutrients （N, P, K） in two slow-release-compound fertilizers （SRCFs） at constant temperature （25 ℃） in soil using ion exchange resin membrane （IERM） methods. A pot experiment was also conducted to study the coincidence of nutrients release of SRCFs and rice nutrient uptake. Results showed that the daily mean nutrients supplying rate of NO3^- -N and NH4^＋ -N within 56 days of these two SRCFs amounted for 3.30% -58.1% of that of normal compound fertilizer （NCF）. The daily mean supplying content of NH4^＋ -N was higher compared to NO3^- -N. The relative percentage of daily nutrients supplying rate of H2PO4^- and K^＋ to the application amount of P, K in two SRCFs accounted for 14.9%, 23.2% and 92.7%, 64.5% of these of NCF, respectively. An apparent slow releasing phenomenon of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of SRCFs in soils was observed. The daily nutrients supplying rate of NO3^- -N, H2PO4^- in soil might be characterized by parameter b in the Elovich, and that of NH4^＋ -N, K^ ＋ might be characterized by parameter b in parabola diffusion equations. The nutrients supplying characteristics of SRCFs tested by IERM in soil were similar to those of the soil itself. There were significant or high significant positive correlations between nutrients of SRCFs uptake by IERM and rice （r =0. 869 ^＊ -0. 994^ ＊ ＊ ）. The results suggested that IERM was an ideal method to assess the nutrients supplying characteristics of slow- release - compound fertilizers in soil.

关 键 词：离子交换树脂膜(IERM) 缓释复合肥料(SRCF) 氮 磷 钾养分 释放特性 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]