罗布泊盐湖钾盐矿床调查科研进展与开发现状  

Investigation and Scientific Research Progress and Exploitation Present Situation of Lop Nur Salty Lake Potash Deposits, Xinjiang, China

作　　者：王弭力[1] 刘成林[1] 焦鹏程[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《地质论评》2006年第6期757-764,共8页Geological Review

基　　金："十五"国家科技攻关305项目"罗布泊及邻区盐湖钾盐资源评价研究"专题(编号2003BA612A-06-15)的成果

摘　　要：罗布泊盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部,自古以来,一直引起国内外探险家的极大兴趣,近代开展探险考察,现代进入地质调查与科学研究阶段。自1995年在罗布泊罗北凹地发现超大型钾盐矿床以来,罗布泊盐湖地质科学研究与资源调查进入了一个新阶段。钾盐找矿取得重大进展,罗北凹地获得2.5亿吨卤水氯化钾资源/储量,达超大型规模;首次发现卤水钾矿床储藏于钙芒硝岩中,属一种新类型钾盐矿床,而且是一个优质整装的硫酸盐型钾盐矿床;继而,在罗北凹地外围又发现四个中型钾盐矿床,累计氯化钾资源量数千万吨。钾盐成矿理论方面,提出和完善了“高山深盆迁移论”,“两段式成钾论”和“含水墙成钾”模式等,这些成矿认识,指导了罗布泊盐湖钾盐大规模勘查和扩大找矿。钾盐开发方面,2000年,成立新疆罗布泊钾盐公司,先后完成中试,建成年产4万吨硫酸钾示范厂,2006年4月25日,国投新疆罗布泊钾盐有限责任公司120万吨钾肥项目开工。罗布泊钾盐的开发可望在我国西部欧亚大陆桥沿线建成第二个钾肥生产基地,对缓解我国钾盐紧缺状况,促进地方经济发展、保持社会稳定、巩固边防均具有重要意义。Lop Nur salty lake is located in the eastern part of Tarim basin, Xinjiang,China. Since ancient times, Lop Nur has attracted a great attention of abroad and home explorers. In modern times, exploration activities had prevailed in Lop Nur, and in recent times, geological investigation and scientific researches have been conducted in the area. From year 1995, a super-large scale potash deposit had been discovered in Luobei depression of Lop Nur ; during this period, the potash investigation and scientific researches of Lop Nur salty lake had entered into a new stage. The important progress of potash exploration had been made, i. e. , two hundred and fifty million tons of potash resources had been acquired. And it is first to find that a great deal of potassium-rich brine are stored in glauberite intercrystalline pores, thus, the potash deposit should belong to a new type of potash deposits. Meanwhile, this deposit is a sulfate type brine potash deposits. And later, four small or middlesized potash deposits have been discovered around the former. In potash formation research, we have suggested several models of potash formation, i. e., ＂high mountain-deep basin tectonic migration for potash concentration＂ and ＂two-stage potash formation＂ and ＂water-holding wall for potash formation＂. These minerogenic understandings have directed the large-scale exploration of potash deposits in Lop Nur salty lake. To exploit the potash resources of Lop Nur, potash company of Xinjiang Lop Nur was established in year 2000, the enterprise had finished industrial experiments and set up an example factory producing forty thousand tons of sulfate-potassium product. Lately, has been started a project producing one million and two hundred thousand tons of sulfate-potassium product in Lop Nur. Therefore, the exploitation of potash salt of Lop Nur will result in the emerging of China＇s second potash-producing base, and play an important role for easing of serious insufficiency of China＇s potash fertilizer output.

关 键 词：罗布泊 盐湖 钾盐 卤水 成钾理论 资源开发 

分 类 号：P619.211[天文地球—矿床学]