提举负荷、速度和姿势对模拟某造型提举作业腰骶受力的影响  

Impact of lifting load, speed and posture on force at lumbar L5/S1 joint of lifting simulation in molding task

作　　者：雷玲[1] 肖国兵[1] 阮棉芳[2] 忻鼎亮[2] 朱人[1] 曹强[1] 梁友信[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生学教研室-美国利宝职业安全研究中心,上海200032 [2]上海市体育科学研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《复旦学报（医学版）》2006年第6期722-726,共5页Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471438);利宝基金项目资助

摘　　要：目的评价某铸造造型作业提举活动的腰骶受力及提举负荷、速度和姿势对它的影响。方法10名健康男性志愿者于实验室模拟某造型作业提举参数,分别以对称性常速屈膝、常速屈背和快速屈膝进行100、200和300N三种负荷的9种提举活动,采用运动分析系统实时采集运动学和动力学数据,以人体5环节链模型和动力反推法计算腰骶关节峰值受力和力矩大小。结果提举时间和运动学特征与所限定提举活动相对应。腰骶受力与地面反应力趋势一致,与提举负荷和速度显著相关;负荷增加200N,受力增加12%,快速比常速增加受力约10%。9种提举方式中,以快速屈膝提举300N负荷时的腰骶受力(1222.3±212.6)N和力矩(512.0±36.0)Nm最大,分别比常速屈背提举高23%(995.9±160.8)N和54%(333.4±73.4)Nm。结论模拟铸造造型提举作业导致腰骶最大受力达限值(3430N)的1/3以上,快速提举导致的腰骶受力增加,相当于增加200N提举负荷。Purpose To evaluate the force at lumbar L5/S1 joint of molding workers＇ lifting and its affective factors at various lifting loads, speeds and postures. Methods Ten male healthy volunteers were enrolled to simulate a lifting task of the molding process in a biomechanical laboratory. Each subject performed 9 lifts, i. e. , lifting 100, 200 and 300 N loads in normal speed with knee flexion, normal speed with back flexion and fast speed with knee flexion, respectively. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected by 3D motion analysis system to calculate peak forces and moments at lumbar L5/S1 joint by inverse dynamics method using 5 linked segment dynamic model. Results Lifting duration and kinetic data reflected various lifting task characteristics. Having same trends with ground reaction forces, forces at lumbar LS/S1 joint were significantly affected by lifting load and speed. A 12% elevation of force at Lumbar L1/S5 joint was induced by 200N load increased and 10% elevation by a faster speed versus normal speed. Among 9 lifts, the highest force [（1222. 3 ± 212. 6）N] and moment [（512.0 ± 36.0）Nm] were all found in the lift of 300N in a faster speed with knee flexion, which was 23% [（995.9 ±160.8）N] and 54% [（333.4 ± 73.4）Nm] higher than those of 100N in normal speed with knee flexion. Conclusions The maximum force at lumbar L1/S5 joint by simulating molding lifting task surpassed one third of the limit （3 430 N）, the elevation of force by a lifting task at a faster speed lifting is approximately equivalent to a 200 N lifting loads increased.

关 键 词：生物力学 提举 脊柱 造型作业 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]