黄土退耕坡地工程治理与林草优化配置模式研究  

Optimized patterns for intercropping forest and grass and engineering conservation measures for the sloping field converted from farmland in Loess Plateau

作　　者：张海[1] 张立新[2] 柳江华 柏延芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2006年第11期93-97,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家林业局"陕北地区退耕坡地植被恢复技术示范"项目

摘　　要：为使黄土退耕坡地植被快速恢复，减少水土流失，根据不同植物的生性特点，结合坡地不同的工程治理措施，研究提出了以草为主，草、树间作的治理模式，解决了退耕坡地当年裸露地表水土流失严重的问题。指出对于15°～20°的坡地，以大台田＋葎草＋经济林治理模式最好，当年植被盖度可达47．2％，4年后可达75．9％，士壤侵蚀量较对照下降34．30％；对于20°～25°坡地，以隔坡梯田＋葎草＋乔木生态林的治理模式最好，当年植被盖度可达33．9％，4年后达49．4％，土壤侵蚀量比对照下降67．04％；对于25°以上坡地宜采用大鱼鳞坑＋冰草＋灌木组合治理模式，当年植被盖度可达28．7％，4年后达36．3％，土壤侵蚀量比对照下降68．17％。三种模式均能有效地减轻雨滴对疏松表土的溅蚀，提高了土壤含水率和植被覆盖度，利于形成林草和谐共生的稳定群落。The intercropping system-of forest and grass with grassland as the main body was presented as a conservation pattern to restore vegetation rapidly and reduce soil and water loess in the sloping fields converted from farmlands in consideration of natural characteristics of different plants combining with different engineering conservation measures. This pattern had successfully solved severe loss of soil and water on bared land in the same year. Results showed that large terraced field＋ ttumulus scandens ＋non-timber product forest was the optimum conservation pattern for sloping fields with gradient from 15° to 20°, and a vegetation coverage of 47. 2% was achieved at the same year and 75.9% four years later and soil erosion was 34. 30% lower than control ; for sloping fields with gradient from 20° to 25°, sloping terrace＋ Humulus scandens ＋arbor ecological forest was the optimum conservation pattern, which led to a vegetation coverage of 33.9% at the first year and 49.4% four years later and 34. 30% decrease of soil erosion compared to control; for sloping fields with gradients over 25°, large fish-scale pits＋ Agropyron cristatum ＋shrub was advisably used as combination pattern which vegetation coverage reached 28. 7% at the same year and 36.3% four years later, and soil erosion could be reduced by 68.17% of that of control. All three patterns could abate the effect of rain splash erosion on loose top soil, enhance soil water content and vegetation coverage and promote the formation of the stable harmonious community of forest and grass.

关 键 词：坡地植被恢复 林草优化配置 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：S289[农业科学—农业水土工程]