广东省农村生活饮用水卫生状况调查  

Sanitary quality of drinking water in rural areas of Guangdong province

作　　者：何昌云[1] 曲亚斌[1] 戴昌芳[1] 张建鹏[1] 谭慧嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所,广东广州510300

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2006年第6期15-18,共4页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解广东省农村生活饮用水卫生状况，进一步提高饮水卫生管理水平。为科学决策提供可靠依据。方法在广东省范围内抽取24个农村县（市、区）为监测点，对2005午各地丰水期和枯水期的生活饮用水进行监测，项目包括色度、浑浊度、pH值、总硬度、铁、锰、砷、氟化物、硝酸盐氮、氯化物、硫酸盐、耗氧量、总大肠菌群、细菌总数共14项指标，同时对各地农村供水情况进行环境流行病学调查。结果24个农村监测县（市、区）总人口为17256765人，集中式供水人口数占总人口数的55．19％（各监测点分别为25．68％-100．00％），分散式供水占44．81％；共监测水样516份。达到农村实施《生活饮用水卫生标准》准则中三级以上水质要求的合格率为70．35％，各监测点的合格率范围为15％～1000k。分散式供水、集中式供水末梢水水质比较：细菌总数分别有54．54％、65．99％达到一级要求，总大肠菌群分别有48．76％、66．50％达到一级要求，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；总大肠菌群不合格率分别为33．06％、22．4％，前者高于后者（P〈0．05）；锰分别有91．06％、96．97％达到一级要求，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；其他监测指标两者比较差异均无统计学意义。结论广东省农村生活饮用水的主要卫生问题是细菌总数、总大肠菌群污染问题，集中式供水的水质优于分散式供水。不同地区集中式供水普及率及水质差异较大，应加强农村集中式供水的消毒工作，加大贫困地区集中式供水的普及力度。Objective To investigate sanitary quality of drinking water in rural areas of Guangdong province. Methods 24 counties were selected randomly to monitor drinking water. Samples were taken to detect water quality during low water and high water period in 2005, 14 indices including chroma, muddy degree, pH, overall rigidity, iron, manganese, arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, chloride, vitriol, oxygen consumption, total coliform and total bacteria were measured as well as environmental epidemiology data was collected at each county. Results The total population of 24 counties was 17 256 765 and the proportion of centralized water supply accounted for 55, 19% （ range from 25.68% to 100, 00% ）, whereas separate water supply 44. 81%. 70. 35% of 516 samples （range from 15% to 100% in different areas） met the level Ⅲ standard of ＂Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water＂. According to the results of terminal water quality from separated and centralized supply system, 54. 54% and 65.99% of total bacteria met the level Ⅰ standard respectively, and the difference was significant （P 〈 0. 05, P 〈 0.01 ） ; Total coliforms were 48. 76% and 66.50%, and the difference was significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） whereas 33.06% and 22.4% under the standard （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; Manganese were 91.06% and 96.97 % （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; Other items were no difference between two groups. Conclusion Microbe and coliform contamination was the main problem of drinking water in rural areas. Centralized water supply system had higher quality than separate supplied water and significant diversity of coverage and quality exited in different areas.

关 键 词：农村 生活饮用水 卫生状况 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]