隧道火灾时人员安全疏散的模拟研究  

Simulation of How People Escape Safely from Tunnel Fire

作　　者：杨高尚[1] 安永林[1] 彭立敏[1] 彭建国[2] 张进华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木建筑学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院,湖南长沙41008

出　　处：《灾害学》2006年第4期8-13,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：西部交通建设科技项目(编号:20033179802)子课题

摘　　要：隧道的消防设计应以保护人员的生命安全为首要目标,为此开发了隧道火灾时的人员疏散计算机模型T unev(tunne l evacuation)。该模型能计算隧道内不同火灾场景的人员疏散所需时间,可与计算危险来临时间的火灾数值模拟软件CFD-PHOEN ICS3.5相结合,经两种时间的对比,判断人员疏散的安全性。该模型包含了简单的火灾时人员行为反应数据库和隧道防火结构特征参数。通过定性和定量的分析和计算,其结果能直观地发现疏散设计中的不足,以便采取针对性改进措施;该模型还可以作为辅助的消防演习工具。本文阐述了模型的有关概念,并对工程实例进行了疏散模拟,最后简述了T unev模型的验证和应用。The tunnel fire design should firstly ensure the safety of people＇s life. Therefore the occupant evacuation model-Tuner （tunnel evacuation） was developed. The model can predict the total evacuation time of various cases in tunnel. Combined with fire simulation soft CFD-POENICS3.5 which can predict the fire risk approach time, the model can estimate the people＇s evacuation safety through comparing with the two kinds time （total evacuation time and fire risk approach time）. The model contains simple database of the people＇s behavioral reaction and structure characteristic parameters of tunnel fireproofing. The simulation results can find out the deficiency of evacuation design that helps us to adopt pertinence mend measures. It can also work as an adjutant tool of fireproofing exercises. The paper describes some relevant concepts of the model in detail and gives an evacuation simulation of a typical tunnel by using this model. Finally the model＇s validation and actual application are described briefly.

关 键 词：隧道火灾 人员疏散 数值模拟 疏散模型 安全性判据 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]