热等离子体技术销毁日本遗弃化武红弹装填物研究  

Investigation on the destruction of chemical weapon fillers abandoned by Japan in China using thermal plasma technology

作　　者：胡真[1] 刘初平 束富荣[3] 李战国[1] 闫学峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]防化研究院第六研究所,北京102205 [2]第二十九试验基地五所,四川绵阳621000 [3]防化研究院环境科学与工程研究室,北京102205

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2006年第6期84-87,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：针对二战期间日本侵略军在我国遗弃的大量化学武器的危害性,进行了热等离子体技术销毁含砷毒剂的实验,旨在为评价日本遗弃化武的销毁技术选择提供技术支持。所采用的热等离子体处理固体废弃物的实验装置主要由等离子体发生器、等离子体旋转炉、二次燃烧炉、冷却器、文丘里喷淋塔和洗涤喷淋塔等设备组成。利用该装置对日本遗弃化武红弹和红筒装填物二苯氰砷和二苯氯砷进行了销毁实验,并用GC-MS法对销毁产物进行分析。结果显示,经处理后未检测出二苯氯砷和二苯氰砷,根据分析方法的检出下限计算出的二苯氯砷和二苯氰砷的销毁去除率均高达99.999 9%。对熔渣进行砷的浸出毒性实验显示,浸出液中砷的质量浓度均低于0.03 mg/L,远低于我国固体废物砷的浸出毒性鉴别标准值1.5 mg/L。但是,等离子体炉在销毁含砷有机毒剂时,固砷效率很差,因此要发挥等离子体技术的优势,还必须加强固砷方法的研究。This article takes it as its objective to discuss the appropriateness of the thermal plasma destroying the fillers of Red-mark ammunitions of chemical weapons abandoned in China by Japan during the World-War II. As is well known, large quantities of chemical weapons were abandoned in China by the Japanese invaders during the war, which result in a big threat to the safety of people＇ s lives and our eco-environment. The present study has made an introduction to the thermal plasma method of destroying the arsenical chemical agents so as to provide a selective technology in this way. For this purpose, a set of thermal plasma installations have been constructed, including plasma generators, plasma rolling furnaces, secondary combustion furnaces, coolers, as well as Venturi towers, syringe towers, etc. The installations are designed elaborately and sophistically to facilitate the data monitoring and sampling. In addition, technological flow and parameters rectification can also be reported in the process of the destruction. The destruction has been carried out by using thermal plasma treatment, including such abandoned chemical weapons, as red mark ammunitions and red canisters containing diphenyl-arsinic cyanide and diphenyl-arsinic chloride. When the destruction work was over, the destruction products are analyzed by GC-MS. As a resuit, neither diphenyl-arsinic cyanide nor diphenyl-arsinic chloride was detected. The destruction efficiency of diphenyl-arsinic cyanide and diphenyl-arsinic chloride, which are considered the basis for the detection limit, reached to 99.999 9%. According to the analytical results for leaching arsenic from slag, the arsenic concentrations of soaking solution are all less than 0.03 mg/L, which is much lower than 1.5 mg/L, the state standard value （1.5 mg/L） of leaching toxicity from solid waste. Furthermore, the results also prove that the fixing arsenic efficiency remains lower. It is for this reason that there exist further needs to fix arsenic method to expose the advantages of pl

关 键 词：环境工程 热等离子体 遗弃化武 销毁 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X705