1958～2005年乐山市钩端螺旋体病流行特征与变化趋势研究  

Study on the epidemic characteristics and changing tendency of leptospirosis in Leshan City from 1958 to 2005.

作　　者：郭志洪[1] 江正斌[1] 徐蓉芳[1] 陈昆[1] 江顿滔[1] 姜建容[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省乐山市疾病预防控制中心,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《疾病监测》2006年第10期509-511,共3页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的了解乐山市钩体病流行特征与变化趋势,探讨防制对策与措施。方法借助SPSS11.0,采用一般统计和卡方检验对1958￣2005年乐山市钩体发病情况进行统计与分析。结果1958￣1989年间出现过4次较大规模流行,1990年后流行周期消失并呈稳步下降趋势,自2000年来发病略有上升。2000年以来发病年龄较以前出现明显后移趋势(!2=238.04,P<0.0001)。1991年以后发病季节呈9月份集中趋势。发病存在山区高于平坝、平坝高于丘陵的地区差异。鼠类是本地的主要传染源,犬只感染也较高(13.31%),黄疸出血群为人间的主要流行菌群(63.28%)。结论乐山市钩体病发病尚未得到有效控制,局部暴发流行的可能性极大。加强疫情监测和传染源监测,开展基层医务人员诊治技术培训和对农村重点人群预防接种以及进行农田灭鼠活动是防止钩体病在乐山市暴发流行的重要策略。Objective The present study was conducted to get the knowledge of epidemic characteristics and changing tendency of leptospirosis in Leshan City and explore the strategies and measures to prevent and control leptospirosis. Methods By SPSS 11.0, general statistical method and chi-square test were adopted to make statistical analysis on the situation of leptospirosis incidence in Leshan from 1958 to 2005. Results 4 relatively big outbreaks occurred from 1958 to 1989. The epidemic period disappeared and showed a decrease tendency since 1990, however, the incidence increased a little since 2000. Since 2000, ages of onset showed a distinct retrocession tendency compared to previous situation （χ^2=238.04,P〈0.0001）. The incidence season showed a central tendency in September since 1991. There were regional differences in incidence, which was higher in mountain areas than plains, and higher in plains than hills. Rats are major source of infection in this area, and infection caused by dogs is also relatively high （13.31%）. Lcterohaemorrhagiae group was the major epidemic bacterial group among people （63.28%）. Conclusion The incidence of leptospirosis in Leshan has not been effectively controlled and it＇s quite possible to have a partial outbreak in this area. To prevent epidemic outbreak of leptospirosis in Leshan City, we should take on the following strategies： 1 Reinforcing the surveillance of epidemic status and source of infection; 2 Training the doctors at basic level to improve diagnosis and treatment skills; 3 Inoculating high-risk population in rural areas in order to prevent leptospirosis; 4 Killing rats in farms.

关 键 词：钩端螺旋体病 流行特征 防制对策 

分 类 号：R514.4[医药卫生—内科学]