中国东方田鼠生物生态学研究进展  

Research Advances in Biology and Ecology of Microtus fortis in China

作　　者：胡忠军[1] 王勇[1] 郭聪[2] 张美文[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学生命科学与技术学院 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2006年第12期307-312,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目"飞蝗;草地螟和鼠害监测预警及持续控制技术研究与示范"(2005BA529A05);国家科技部"九五"攻关项目"东方田鼠实验动物化与抗日本血吸虫感染机理的研究"攻关项目(96-A23-06-04);上海高校选拔培养优秀青年教师科研专项基金;上海水产大学博士启动经费

摘　　要：采用4亚种分类系统(东北亚种Microtusfortispelliceus、指名亚种M.f.fortis、长江亚种M.f.calamorum和福建亚种M.f.fujiandensis),对中国东方田鼠(M.fortis)生物生态学研究现状进行了综述。①中国东方田鼠的分类地位有争议,乌苏里江亚种(M.f.pelliceus)是否属于东方田鼠仍有待进一步研究;迄今为止,对长江亚种进行的研究较多,而对其它亚种的研究甚少。②从南部到北部都有东方田鼠分布,多栖息在低海拔地区,偏爱湿地生境。③该鼠主要以草本植物的绿色部分为食,为农林害鼠,化学防治东方田鼠采用敌鼠钠盐和复方灭鼠剂88-1对人畜比较安全,汛期还可结合物理方法对迁入洞庭湖稻田区的东方田鼠进行灭杀。④从南到北胎仔数、怀孕率有增加的趋势,繁殖期逐渐缩短。⑤沼泽扩展导致东方田鼠种群数量增加,而湖面围垦致使其数量下降。⑥该鼠昼夜均活动,但季节间存在差异,有季节性迁移行为,雌雄鼠均具有杀幼行为。Using the classification system of four subspecies such as Microtus fortis pelliceus, M. f. fortis, M.f. calamorum, and M.f.fujiandensis, we reviewed the biological and ecological research advances of M fortis in China. In the country, M. fortis is mainly distributed in the areas with low elevation from Guangxi in the south to Heilongjiang in the north, and everglade was its preferred habitat. In field, the green parts of herbage dominated the food item of M. fortis, so it often do harm to agriculture and forestry. Considering the safety to human and livestock, Diphacine-Na salt and 88-1 Compound Rodenticide were suggested to use to control this vole, and chemical control and physical method such as snare snap could be jointly utilized to reduce crop loss caused by M. f. calamorum migrating onto rice field around Dongting Lake during flood period. There were debates about the classification system of Microtus fortis, and the main divergence was that whether M. f. pelliceus was put under the species of M. fortis ？ So far the most researches were related to M. f. calamorum. There was a tendency of increase in litter size and ratio of pregnancy and decrease of ctive period from southern to northern. The population size of M.fortis tended to expand with marsh spread and to decrease with inning of lake. This vole was active both in the day and at night, and its diurnal activity showed differences among seasons. M. fortis migrated seasonally between different habitats. In addition, both the female and male vole possessed activity of infanticide.

关 键 词：东方田鼠 中国 生物学 生态学 进展 

分 类 号：Q48[生物学—生理学]