从乡豪历史到士人记忆——由黄佐《自叙先世行状》看明代地方势力的转变  

From the History of Local Aristocrats to the Memoirs of Scholar-Officials:The Shift of Local Power in the Ming Dynasty as Seen from A Memoir of My Forefathers by Huang Zuo

作　　者：刘志伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史人类学研究中心,教授510275

出　　处：《历史研究》2006年第6期49-69,共21页Historical Research

摘　　要：元末到明初的地方社会,是一个乡豪权力支配的社会。明朝把地方势力纳入帝国的权力体系,培养起新兴的士大夫势力,在乡村中推行教化,逐渐形成士大夫文化主导的社会秩序。在这样的背景下,地方士人对于先世历史的叙述,无论是实录还是虚构,都反映出地方历史演变之真实趋势,成为明代以后士大夫对地方历史的一种集体记忆。明代著名学者黄佐所撰《自叙先世行状》就是其中代表性的著作。从这类模式化的历史记忆中揭示其文化意义,有助于了解明代中期以后社会转型之研究。Local society was under the control of local bullies during the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. The Ming rulers cultivated the strength of scholar-officials to put local forces under imperial control. As the morals and values of the ruling class spread in the villages through education, a new social order with a dominant scholar-official culture gradually took form. In such a context, the local scholar-officials' writings about their forefathers, fictional or not, reflected the actual trends of historical development. These writings constitute a collective memory of scholarofficials about local history since the Ming Dynasty. A Memoir of My Forefathers by Huang Zuo, a renowned scholar of the Ming Dynasty, is a typical example. Exploring the cultural implications of these stereotyped historical memoirs would facilitate the study and understanding of social transformation since the mid-Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明朝 地方权力 历史记忆 广东 黄佐 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]