中世纪西欧犹太社团及其历史作用探析  

A Study of the Jewish Communities of Western Europe in the Middle Ages

作　　者：张淑清[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》2006年第6期44-53,共10页World History

摘　　要：社团是中世纪西欧各国犹太人生活的重要载体。它对外协调同统治者的关系,充当所在国家对犹太人税收的代理人,为犹太人的利益辩护;对内实行自治管理,有效发挥管理的、经济的、文化的和宗教上的整合功能,保护其成员的基本利益,从而使得犹太人在基督教文化处于强势地位的政治环境中,不仅顽强地生存了下来,而且将自身独特的民族文化文本保留了下来。The Jews of the western European countries in the middle Ages lived in the communities, which played very important role in the lives of the Jewish people. The paper presented here focuses on the major functions of the Jewish community organization, such as coordinating their relations with the authorities, collecting the king’s tax, defending the rights of the Jewish people and securing of internal discipline and order with a high level of cohesion by supplying certain essential religious and social services to its membership. It was the communities that made the Jewish people not only survives but also preserves their distinctive national culture in the middle Ages.

关 键 词：中世纪 西欧 犹太社团 塔木德 

分 类 号：K56[历史地理—历史学]