杨梅的硼素营养及施硼技术  

Boron nutrition and application to Myrica rubra

作　　者：孟赐福[1] 姜培坤[1] 曹志洪[1] 徐秋芳[1] 周国模[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江林学院环境科技学院,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《浙江林学院学报》2006年第6期684-688,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(Y304206)

摘　　要：综述了硼在杨梅Myrica rubra营养中的地位,缺硼的营养诊断,施硼对杨梅生长和产量的影响及杨梅最佳施硼技术。硼是对杨梅生长、产量和品质影响最大的营养元素。杨梅缺硼最典型的症状是叶小,新发枝条簇生,梢顶枯萎。缺硼会严重抑制其生长,甚至导致树体的死亡。杨梅施硼不但可以促进杨梅春夏梢的发生,显著提高杨梅果实产量,改善果实品质,而且还能减轻杨梅结果大小年的现象。杨梅土壤缺硼的临界值为0.3 mg.kg-1,叶片缺硼临界值为17.0 mg.kg-1。可以通过每隔3 a施硼砂50 g.株-1或每年在花芽萌动前叶面喷施2.0 g.L-1硼砂溶液来矫正杨梅缺硼。This paper reviewed the important nutritional role of boron （B） with red bayberry （ Myrica rubra ）, diagnosis of B deficiency, effects of B application on growth, yield, and quality of M. rubra, and optimum technology for applying B. B was the most important nutrient element for M. rubra with typical symptoms of deficiency being small leaves, rosette shoots, and fading of the shoot tops. In M. rubra B deficiency seriously inhibited growth and even led to death. B application not only greatly improved the length and growth rate of spring and summer shoots, but also improved yield and quality. Application of B could also greatly alleviate alternate bearing behavior. The critical values of B deficiency in M. rubra were 0.30 mg·kg^-1 in the soil and 17.0 mg·kg^-1 in leaves. Applying borax of 50 g· tree^-1 every three yeas or 20 g· L^-1 every year could solve B deficiency in M. rubra. [Ch, 1 fig. 1 tab. 29 ref.]

关 键 词：土壤肥料学 杨梅 硼素营养 综述 产量 品质 施硼技术 

分 类 号：S667.6[农业科学—果树学] S143.7[农业科学—园艺学]