施氮水平对不同种植制度下玉米氮利用及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of N application rate on N utilization, yield and quality of maize under different cropping systems.

作　　者：宁堂原[1] 焦念元[1] 李增嘉[1] 张民[2] 赵春[1] 韩宾[1] 邵国庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院山东省作物生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学资环学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2006年第12期2332-2336,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(39870524);山东农业大学青年科技创新基金资助项目(23218).

摘　　要：研究了不同施氮量对套作和单作条件下春、夏玉米氮利用以及产量和品质的影响.结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,单作和套作条件下,春、夏玉米吸氮量显著增加,籽粒产量、生物产量和籽粒蛋白质产量也显著增加.由于春、夏玉米需求的养分种类与形态一致,低氮条件时竞争较激烈,春玉米处于优势地位,但其吸氮量仍低于单作.增加施氮量可以缓解这种竞争,利于玉米的高产优质.施氮量由187·5kg·hm-2增至375kg·hm-2时,春、夏玉米单作时生物产量平均增加1·717kg·kg-1N,而套作时平均增加12·179kg·kg-1N;春、夏玉米单作时蛋白质产量平均增加0·305kg·kg-1N,而套作时平均增加1·829kg·kg-1N;春夏玉米套作的土地当量比由1·59增加到1·91.与单作相比,春夏玉米套作可显著提高玉米产量和改善品质,增施氮肥有利于套作条件下玉米高产优质潜力的充分发挥.The study on the effects of N application rate on the N utilization, yield and quality of mono- and inter-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize showed that under both of the cropping systems, the N uptake, grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and grain protein yield of spring- and summer-sown maize were increased with increasing N application rate. Due to the same demand of N nutrition, there was a competition between spring- and summersown maize in inter-cropping system, especially under low level N application. Spring-sown maize was of superiority in inter-croppingsystem, but its N uptake was still less than that in mono-cropping system. The competition could be offset by increasing N application. When N application increased from 187. 5 kg·hm^-2 to 375 kg · hm^-2, the average increment of dry matter yield of mono-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize was 1. 717 kg ·kg^-1N, while that of inter-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize was 12. 179 kg· kg^-1 N. The average increment of protein yield of mono- and inter-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize was 0. 305 kg· kg^-1 N and 1. 829 kg·kg^-1 N, respectively, with the land equivalent ratio increased from 1.59 to 1.91. Compared with mono-cropping, inter-cropping spring- and summer-sown maize could get higher yield and higher quality, and this effect was increased with increasing N application rate.

关 键 词：施氮量 玉米 单作 套作 氮吸收利用 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]