陆地棉（G．hirsutumL．）×克劳茨基棉（G．klotzschianumAn─derss）的研究和利用  

Studies on Hybridization of Gossypium hirsutum L.× G.klotzschianum Anderss and Its Uses

作　　者：钱思颖[1] 黄骏麒[1] 周宝良[1] 彭跃进[1] 徐英俊[1] 顾立美 沈新莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》1996年第4期18-22,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;国家"八五"攻关项目

摘　　要：以陆地棉泗棉２号×克劳茨基棉，得到５粒种子，获Ｆ１１株，其他４粒种子都是空的。以陆地棉５２－１２８×克劳茨基棉，得到３粒种子，子叶平展后，抽不出顶芽，苗期夭折。泗棉２号×克劳茨基棉，其Ｆ１短日照性很强，叶枝多，果枝少，第一果枝着生节位高。花冠黄色，花瓣基部有淡红色斑点，花药不开裂，无花粉。以Ｆ１及其宿根为母本，直接与陆地棉回交，很容易得到种子，１铃最多结７粒，纤维棕色。ＢＣ１Ｆ１的株型基本上与陆地棉相似，经５２－１２８回交的，花瓣基部有淡红色斑点；泗棉２号回交的则无斑点，育性比Ｆ１显著提高，自交也能收到种子，絮色洁白。ＢＣ１Ｆ４已获得纤维高品质株系，２．５％跨距长度达３０．９～３１．６ｍｍ，比强度为２５．３～２６．８（ｇｆ／ｔｅｘ），麦克隆值为４．３～４．８。作者认为克劳茨基棉具有纤维高品质潜力基因，与陆地棉的亲缘关系比较密切。文中分析了Ｆ１苗期致死的原因。From the cross of cultivar Simian 2 ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)× G. klotzschianum Anderss, 5 hybrid seeds were derived in 1985,of which 4 were empty and only 1 developed into an F 1 seedling. In 1989, the G. hirsutum cultivar 52 128 was crossed with G. klotzschianum and produced 3 hybrid seeds. After germination of the seeds, cotyledons appeared and expanded, but no apical bud formed, and the seedlings died early. The F 1 hybrid of Simian 2× G.klotzschianum was highly sensitive to short daylength. It had many vegetative branches but few fruiting branches. Its first fruiting branch was located at a relatively high position on the main stem. Its corolla was yellow with pink spots at the bases of petals. The anthers did not open and had no pollen. When the F 1 plant or its ratoon plant was backcrossed with G.hirsutum, seeds with brown fibre could easily be obtained, 7 seeds a boll at most. The BC 1F 1 plant type looked like G.hirsutum in general. If cultivar 86 1 was used as the backcross parent, the BC 1F 1 had pink spots at the petal bases. However, if Simian 2 was the backcross parent, there were no pink spots in BC 1F 1 petals.In that case, the fertility of BC 1F 1 plants was improved significantly so that seeds with white fibre could be obtained by selfing.Some breeding lines have been obtained with quality fibre:2 5% span length 30 9-31 6 mm, fibre strength 25 3-26 8 gf/tex , micronaire value 4 3-4 8 .The poten tial genes for high quality fibre in G. klotzschianum and the close relation between G. klotzschianum and G.hirsutum are discussed.The causes of lethality in F 1 seedlings are analysed and preventive means suggested.

关 键 词：陆地棉 克劳茨基棉 种间杂交 棉花 

分 类 号：S562.035.1[农业科学—作物学]