北京地区小麦白粉病初侵染源的研究  

STUDIES ON THE PRIMARY INFECTION SOURCE OF WHEAT POWDERY MILDEW IN BEIJING DISTRICT

作　　者：杨定斌[1] 刘孝坤[1] 宋凤仙[2] 孙清[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 [2]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所

出　　处：《植物保护学报》1996年第4期300-304,共5页Journal of Plant Protection

摘　　要：各种自然条件下闭囊壳越夏试验结果表明:土壤中,地面和麦茬上,麦垛顶层和底层,室外自然条件下的闭囊壳在秋苗出土前相继变成空壳;室内自然条件下,种子中以及麦垛中层的闭囊壳在越夏季节期间,子囊原生质体结构发生畸变,失去形成子囊孢子的能力。上述各种环境中的闭囊壳先后于7月中旬至9月上旬失去生活力和传病能力,均不能越夏后成为小麦白粉病的初侵染源。在小麦播种时用做过上述各种处理的闭囊壳进行隔离接种试验,试验结果进一步证实了越夏试验结论的正确性。在房山区白粉病发生严重的张坊及十渡一带山区,通过对自生麦苗和小麦秋苗感染白粉病情况的野外调查发现:海拔140m以上山区自生麦苗上的分生孢子是北京地区小麦白粉病在秋苗上的主要侵染源之一。The oversummering trails of the cleistothecia of wheat powdery mildew in all ' kinds of natural conditions were studied. The results indicate that the cleistothecia in soil,on the ground and the stubble,in the upper and basal layer of the stack of straws, and in the natural condition outside the room had become empty before emergence of autumn seedlings of wheat. The protoplasm of the asci of cleistothecia on the seed,in the natural condition inside the room and in the median layer of the stack of straws were distorted from 31 July to 8 September. It was found that they lost vitality and could not produce ascospores in moisture condition. All the above cleistothecia could not oversum-mer and nor infect autumn-sown wheat. Inoculation in an isolated condition with the above cleistothecia at the end of September shows that the conclusion of the oversummering experiment was correct. Investigation the occurrence of the powdery mildew in the volunteer seedlings and autumn seedlings in the Zhangfang-Shidu Mountain Area in Fangshan County shows that the conidia of powdery mildew on the volunteer seedlings play a main role in the primary infection of autumn-sown wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 白粉病 初侵染源 北京地区 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]