Hox基因与昆虫翅的特化  

Hox genes and insect wing modification

作　　者：翟宗昭[1] 杨星科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2006年第6期1027-1033,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(30330100)

摘　　要：自从1978年E.B.Lewis描述了著名的果蝇双胸突变体(bithorax)以来,大量的比较发育遗传学研究为我们揭示了形态进化的遗传基础,从而使形态进化研究进入了一个新的时代。同时,Hox基因的研究也成为这一领域的焦点。本文综述了昆虫翅的起源及其特化类群翅的发育遗传学研究的最新进展。一般认为,原始的有翅昆虫胸腹部多附肢(包括翅);之后不同的体节受到了不同Hox的抑制,形成两对翅以及前后翅的分化;Ubx的不同表达导致了前后翅的分化,并且Ubx负责识别后翅。我们选择翅特化最为显著的3个类群———鞘翅目(T2鞘翅)、双翅目(T3平衡棒)和捻翅目(T2平衡棒),结合Hox的表达情况讨论了翅的特化机理。目前已知双翅目和鞘翅目的翅的控制模式存在巨大差异,两种模式的比较研究对于理解翅的形态进化具有重要的意义。但是对捻翅目昆虫的研究则很少。Since 1978, characterization of the homeotic bithorax mutations of Drosophila has led E.B. Lewis to presage the growth of work on comparative developmental genetics, which focuses mainly on Hox genes, and afterward greatly adds to our understanding of the genetic basis of morphological evolution. Here, we reviewed the latest progress in the origin of insect wing and work on developmental genetics underlying wing modification. According to fossil records, primary insects bear appendages （including wings） on all thoracic and abdominal segments, while modern insects evolve to bear only two pairs of wings on T2 and T3, due to Hox suppression to wing development in other segments. Of the ten arthropod Hox genes known, Ubx has hindwing identity, and regulates its targets to make the fore- and hind-wing different in morphology. We especially compared Hox expression pattern of insects with most modified wings in three orders： Coleoptera （forewing to elytra）, Diptera （hindwing to hahere） and Strepsiptera （forewing to haltere） . Recent studies show that function of Ubx in beetle hindwings represents a previously unknown mode of wing diversification in insects. However, more study on Strepsiptera is necessary.

关 键 词：昆虫翅 起源 特化 HOX Ubx 形态进化 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]