22种植物提取物及其6种化合物对鱼类指环虫的杀灭研究  

Dactylogyrus Killing Efficacies of 22 Plants Extracts and Its 6 Compounds

作　　者：王高学[1] 程超[1] 陈安良[1] 申烨华[2] 张兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北大学化学系,西安710069

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2006年第12期2567-2573,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金资助(2002B08);陕西省山川秀美办公室-世行贷款项目区专项

摘　　要：将感染有指环虫的金鱼投放在加有一定浓度的植物提取物或化合物的水体中，控制一定的水体条件，显微镜下定期观察鱼鳃上的指环虫数量，统计杀虫率。结果表明：22种植物中蛇床提取物的杀灭指环虫效果最好，其最高杀灭率为100％；其次是两面针、木通、吴茱萸、牛心朴子，最高杀虫率均为80％；夹竹桃、徐长卿的最高杀虫率均为70％；草果、苦木、北乌头、滨蒿、蒺藜、白芷、山柰、榧的最高杀虫率在48h内均在20％～50％；在测试浓度范围内，生姜、辣椒、仙茅、大风子、泽漆、相思子和雷丸没有明显杀虫活性。6种植物化合物作用48h时川楝素的杀灭指环虫活性最高，最高杀灭率为100％；其次是鬼臼毒素、烟碱和槟榔碱，杀虫率在30％～50％；青蒿素和苦参碱在鱼中毒浓度下对指环虫仍然没有杀灭效果。根据以上结果，蛇床、两面针、木通、吴茱萸、牛心朴子、夹竹桃、徐长卿等植物和化合物川楝素对鱼类指环虫具有较好的杀灭作用。Dactylogyrus-infested golden fishes were put into the water body with plant extracts or compounds added at a certain concentration and with the water body properly maintained Dactylogyrus number on fish gill was regularly checked by microscope to statistically compute the Dactylogyrus-killing rate. It was shown that Cnidium monnieri （L.） Cuss. extracts showed the best Dactylogyrus killing effect among the twenty two plant extracts and its highest Dactylogyrus killing rate was 100 % ;Zanthoxylum nitidum （Roxb.） DC. ,Akebia quinata （Thunb.） Dence. ,Evodia rutaecarpa （Juss.） Benth. ,Cynanchum hancockianum （Maxim） A1. Iljinski. extracts showed the second best Dactylogyrus-killing effect and all their highest Dactylogyrus-killing rates were 80% ;the highest Dactylogyrus-killing rates of Nerium indicum Mill. and Cynanchum paniculatum （Bge.） Kitag. were 70% ;the highest Dactylogyrus-killing rates of Amomum tsao-ko Ctevost. et Lemaire, Picrasma quassioides （D. Don） Benn. ,Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. ,Artemisia scoparia Walolst. et Kit. , Tribulus terrestris L. ,Angelica dahurica （Fishch. ex Hoffm. ） Benth. et Hook. f,Kaempferia galanga L. and Torreya grandis Fort. extracts ranged between 20% and 50% within forty eight hours; within the limits of the test concentrations Zingiber officinale Rosc. Capsicum annuum L. ,Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., H ydnocarpus anthelminticus Dierr. ex Gagnep. ,Euphorbia helioscopia L. ,Abrus precatorius L. and Chnphalia lapidescens Schroet extracts did not show clear killing activity. Among the six plant compounds,toosendanin showed the highest killing activity within forty eight hours and its highest killing rate was 100% ;podophyllotoxin nicotine and arecoline took the second place in killing activity and their killing rates ranged within 30%-50%;at the fish-poisoned concentration,artemisinin and matrine still did not show killing effect. Consequentially,Cnidium monnieri ,Zanthoxylum nitidum ,Aleebia quinata, Evodia rutaecarpa , Cynanchum hancockianum , Ner

关 键 词：植物提取物 植物化合物 杀虫活性 指环虫 

分 类 号：Q946.887[生物学—植物学]