超高茬麦田套稻麦秸全量自然覆盖还田对土壤肥力和稻米品质的影响  

Effect of Returning Ultra High Wheat Stubble Mulching to Field on Soil Fertility and Quality of Rice Interplanted with Wheat

作　　者：顾克礼 刘世平[2] 郭勋斌 张秀美 田文科[4] 蒋植宝[5] 王力扬 陈洪礼 张永泰 谢云峰 袁秦 

机构地区：[1]扬州市农业科学院,江苏扬州225007 [2]扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]扬州市农业局,江苏扬州225001 [4]江都市农业局,江苏江都225200 [5]姜堰市农业局,江苏姜堰225500

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2006年第4期410-414,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部专项"重点地区农作物秸秆还田模式与关键技术研究"子课题"麦秸还田麦田套稻新技术研究";国家星火计划项目(99B101D6900007);江苏省农业三项工程项目(S0172)

摘　　要：为明确超高茬麦田套稻麦秸全量自然覆盖还田后对耕层土壤物理、化学性质和水稻产量、品质的影响,比较研究了超高茬麦田套稻麦秸全量自然覆盖还田(简称麦秸覆盖还田)、麦秸全量翻埋还田栽稻(简称麦秸翻埋还田)和留5 cm根茬翻埋还田栽稻(简称根茬翻埋还田)3种处理下耕层土壤物理性状、养分含量和水稻生长。结果表明:在正常施氮量(纯氮195 kg/hm2)下,麦秸覆盖还田后85 d可自然腐解69%,无需增施氮肥。与根茬翻埋还田处理相比,麦秸覆盖还田3年后耕层土壤有机质提高2.1 g/kg,水解氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加7.8%、12.2%和52.3%;水稻生长后期耕层土壤含水量下降11.1%。同时麦秸覆盖还田可改善稻米品质。Development of sustainable soil fertility and reduction of chemical fertilizer input are necessary for the production of the rice with superior quality. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of three kinds of returning wheat stubble to the wheat field before harvesting on growth and quality of rice. Returning patterns included returning wheat stubble mulching, returning wheat stubble by mixing with soil and returning wheat root by mixing with soil. Wheat stubble mulching could be decomposed by 69% naturally under the condition of high temperature and humidity during rice growth period, when nitrogen fertilizer was applied normally （pure N 195 kg/hm^2）, After three years＇ experiments, decomposition of wheat stubble mulching increased soil organic matter in plough layer by 2. 1 g/kg, and hydrolysable N, available P and available K by 7. 8%, 12. 2%, 52. 3%, respectively, while soil moisture was decreased by 11.0%. In addition, rice quality was improved by returning wheat stubble mulching.

关 键 词：超高茬麦套稻 麦秸全量自然覆盖还田 土壤肥力 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.047[农业科学—作物学]