悬浮生物膜载体强化氨氮降解研究  

Study of Ammonium-Nitrogen Removal in Suspended Carrier Biofilm Reactor

作　　者：王文斌[1] 祁佩时[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《环境科学》2006年第12期2502-2506,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技攻关专题基金项目(2001269)

摘　　要：为了缩短氨氮降解时间，提高氨氮转移速率。利用新型悬浮载体对氨氮降解进行了研究．将生物膜培养分成3个阶段，每个阶段采用不同的运行条件，提高了膜上硝化菌的附着量，在载体上培养形成了以丝状细菌为附着体的蜂窝状微生物薄膜，增加了微生物附着的比表面积，薄膜的形成有利于氧气的扩散和基质的转移，为硝化菌提供了有利的生存环境．试验在pH值7．8～8．2，温度为24～29℃的条件下，在曝气90min时，氨氮从78mg／L降解到2mg／L以下，COD从140～300mg／L降解到50mg／L以下；在曝气180min时，氨氮浓度从80～130mg／L降解到3．5mg／L以下，COD浓度从150～350mg／L降解到46mg／L以下．试验实现了同步去除COD和氨氮，与传统的活性污泥法相比，缩短了氨氮的降解时间，提高了氨氮降解速度＋从微生物学和动力学理论对悬浮生物膜载体高效的氨氮降解和硝化机理进行了分析．In order to improve the ammonium-nitrogen （NH4^＋ -N） biodegradation rate, a suspended carrier was exploited and biofilm was cultivated in three different phases in a sequencing batch reactor （SBR）. A flimsy honeycomb-shape biofilm was formed between the endocentric columns on the suspended carrier, which increased the cling amount of nitrobacteria and provided the better condition for nitrobacteria. The bioreactor was operated at the temperature ranges of 24- 29℃ and pH between 7.8 and 8.2. When the influent COD and NH4＋ -N concentrations varied in a range of 140--300 mg·L^-1 and 40-78 mg·L^-1 respectively, under 90 min aeration, the effluent concentrations were less than 40 mg·L^-1 and 2 mg·L^-1, respectively. Under 180 min aeration, the influent COD concentration varied from 150 to 350 mg·L^-1 and NH4^＋-N concentration in the range of 80- 130 mg·L^-1, the effluent concentration below 45mg·L^-1 and 3.5 mg·L^-1, respectively. The results indicated that the ammonium-nitrogen biodegradation rateis much greater than that of the conventional activated sludge process. The active fraction of the biofilm is affected by the concentration of substrates in the bulk liquid, the actual metabolic rates within the biofilm, and the thickness of the blofilm. The suspended carrier configuration used in this investigation and the method of cultivating biofilm arc beneficial for decreasing biofilm thickness, for increasing the activated biomass of nitrobacteria, and for increasing surface area of the biofilm relative to the volume of the reactors, which insulting in a high rate of nitrification.

关 键 词：悬浮载体 氨氮 生物膜 培养驯化 硝化 SBR 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]