重力出流式膜生物反应器的膜通量及膜污染控制研究  

Permeate Flux and Membrane Fouling Controlling of a Membrane Bioreactor with Gravity Flow to Treat Domestic Sewage and Landfill Leachate

作　　者：陈少华[1] 郑祥[1] 刘俊新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2006年第12期2518-2524,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2004AA601070);国家自然科学基金项目(50238050)

摘　　要：采用新型的重力出流式膜生物反应器（MBR）处理生活污水和垃圾渗滤液，考察了其在长期运行过程中膜通量的变化规律及其影响因素．结果表明，该MBR能够在较低液位水头（8．5～15．0kPa）的作用下连续出水，并获得较高的膜通量．处理生活污水时，平均膜通量为11．2L·（m^2·h）^-1；处理垃圾渗滤液时，平均膜通量为6．4L·（m^2·h）^-1,研究发现，污泥浓度对膜通量影响大小与曝气强度有关．当曝气强度小于400m^3·（m^2·h）^-1时，膜通量随着污泥浓度的升高显著下降；当曝气强度大于400m^3·（m^2·h）^-1时，膜通量几乎不受污泥浓度和曝气强度的影响．对膜的化学清洗试验表明，NaOH＋NaC10溶液清洗效果最佳，膜通量可恢复至初始通量的85％以上．进一步研究表明，混合液中高浓度的溶解性胞外聚合物是MBR处理垃圾渗滤液时膜通量较低的主要原因．A novel membrane bioreactor （MBR） with gravity flow was applied to treat domestic sewage and landfill leachate. The variation of permeate flux and its impact factors were studied. The long-term test showed that the average permeate flux of this MBR could be 11.2L·（m^2·h）^-1 under the pressure of 8.5 kPa for treating domestic sewage while 6.4 L·（m^2·h）^-1 and 15.0 kPa, respectively, for landfill leachate. The permeate flux increased with increase of aeration density and decrease of activated sludge concentratioff when aeration density was less than 400 m^3·（m^2·h）^-1. While activated sludge concentration and aeration density had hardly impact on the permeate flux when aeration density was more than 400 m^3·（m^2·h）^-1. The performances of several different cleaning solutions were tested and the results showed that NaOH-NaC10 solution had the best cleaning efficiency. The permeate flux can recovered over 85 % of the initial flux. A very high concentration of soluble extracellular polymeric substances （soluble EPS） existed in landfill leachate compared with domestic sewage, which was the main cause leading to a lower permeate flux when treating landfill leachate.

关 键 词：膜生物反应器 重力出流 膜通量 膜污染 生活污水 垃圾渗滤液 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]