社会心理、错误知觉与美国安全观的转变及实践——以九一一事件和伊拉克战争为例  

Social Psychology,Misperceptions,and Transition & Enforcement of U.S. Perceptions of National Security:The Cases of 9.11 and Iraq

作　　者：薛晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2006年第12期7-15,共9页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：“安全”在政治现实主义的话语体系下总是附属于近乎先验的“无政府状态”假设和“权力”等范畴。以往个人对于安全的认知往往被忽视,但是在导入社会心理学和决策分析之后,心理学在安全领域可以获得恰当的表达空间。美国的国家安全战略在九一一事件后发生了显著的转型,用经典的地缘政治理论和霸权理论并不能给这一转型勾勒出完整的解释框架。相反,美国国家安全战略的转型在很大程度上受到了美国社会心理重大转折的影响。安全认知的转折既给安全战略的转型提供了民意基础,又限定了决策者的决策空间。而在伊拉克战争的问题上,除了民意之外,决策者又受到了或者是有意利用了一系列错误知觉的作用。The term “security” is always affiliated to the nearly transcendent hypothesis of “anarchy” and concepts like “power” within the discourse on political realism. Formerly, the personal perception of security, which belongs to a microcosmic level of analysis, was often neglected by mainstream theorists. Nevertheless by introducing social psychology and policy-making analysis, psychology may gain an appropriate space of expression in the arena of security studies. The U.S. national security strategy underwent a transformation after September 11, which cannot be explained by the orbicular framework of the classical theories of geopolitics and hegemony. Rather, the transformation of the U.S. national security strategy to a large extent was due to the impact of the change in U.S. social psychology. On the one hand, the change in the perception of security offered a foundation for public opinion, while on the hand constraining the space for policy-making. With respect to the Iraq war, in addition to public opinion, policy makers were influenced by, or intentionally utilized, a series of misperceptions.

关 键 词：安全 社会心理 错误知觉 美国国家安全战略 伊拉克战争 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]