炸药震源和可控震源资料相位差异校正方法  

Phase difference correction of dynamite source data and seismic vibrator data

作　　者：朱伟强[1] 王明星[2] 徐锦玺[2] 牟凤明[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所 [2]胜利油田物探公司,山东东营257100

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第6期31-34,41,共5页Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目(KZCX1-SW-18-06)

摘　　要：在山前带或城区等复杂地表的地震勘探中,为提高地震资料采集的质量,经常选用炸药震源和可控震源联合激发的工作方式。但两种震源采集的地震资料在相位方面存在明显差异。常规的地表一致性反褶积,基本上没有考虑子波的相位特性,其主要目标是校正子波的振幅谱,由此降低了地震资料处理的质量。提出了基于多道自相关函数统计平均的两步法统计子波反褶积方法,并用估算的最小相位子波得出的反褶积算子对地震数据进行了反褶积处理。研究表明,该方法估算出来的最小相位子波受反射系数影响小,在复杂地表地震资料处理中,可达到压缩地震子波、消除子波相位差异的目的,使资料真正实现同相叠加,有效提高了地震资料的信噪比和分辨率,并在一定程度上实现了相对振幅保持。In order to improve the quality of the seismic data collected from the complex surface in the mountain front or the city area, the joint emission methods of the dynamite source and the seismic vibrator were often choosen during seismic exploration. But the seismic data of the two sources collecting are obviously different in the phase. The conventional surfaee-eonslstent deconvolution basically does not consider the characteristics of the wavelet phase. Its main aim is to correet the amplitude spectrum of wavelet. So it reduces the quality of the seismic data. A novel method for two-step statistical wavelet deconvolution was presented based on statistical average of the many gathers autocorrelation function. It estimates the smallest phase wavelet, which is little influenced by the reflectivity coefficient, By using this wavelet to estimate the deconvolution operator, the seismic data were processed by deconvolution. This method can compress the wavelet, eliminate the wavelet phase difference, and realize in-phase superposition of the seismic data during the process of the seismic data in the complex surface. Also it can raise the signal/noise ratio and distinguish ability of the seismic data,and realize the relative amplitude-preserving to a certain extent.

关 键 词：震源 相位 统计子波 反褶积 

分 类 号：TE19[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探] P315.3[天文地球—地震学]