低中放废物近地表处置安全评价模式研究  

SAFETY ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR NEAR SURFACE DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE

作　　者：王金生[1] 李书绅[1] 王志明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院

出　　处：《环境科学学报》1996年第3期356-363,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中国辐射防护研究院(CIRP);日本原子力研究所(JAERI)的合作研究项目

摘　　要：采用景象－后果分析法，建立了在浸出与闯入景象下，放射性核素从近地表核废物处置库经由工程屏障，地质屏障迁移到生态环境的评价模式。开发了相应的计算机程序（ＰＲＥＳＤＳＡ）．利用现场的试验资料，对模式进行了检验．基于现场测量与试验室模拟试验，实地调查以及文献调研参数，使用ＰＲＥＳＤＳＡ程序对所假定的黄土包气层核废物处置场周围环境产生的辐射影响进行了计算和预测．结果表明，按照浸出景象计算，在所选的１０种核素中，１０００年内能够达到沿地下水流方向距处置库２５００ｍ关心点的核素只有￣（９９）Ｔｃ和￣（１４）Ｃ。因此，￣（９９）Ｔｃ和￣（１４）Ｃ是低中放废物近地表处置评价中要研究的主要核素．Using scenario-consequence analysis, an assessment model was established for the migration of radionuclide into the ecological environment from near surface repository through engineered geological barriers against nuclide leaching and animal(or human activity) intrusion scenario, with the related computer cede PRESDSA developed. Model was tested against the field experimental data. Based on the parameters available from in-siteu measurement, laboratory simulation experiment, field survey and literature 'the radiological impacts within the environment of an assumed repooitory on aerated loess zone for the disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes were evaluated and predicated. The evaluation was based on 10 kinds of radionuclides leaching scenario. The results indicated that in the terms of calculation against leaching scenario, there would be merely99Tc and 14C present 2500 m away from the repository along the direction of ground water flow within 1000 years. The assessment of the disposal of low and intermediate radioactive waste should focus attention on the nuclides of 99Tc and 14C.

关 键 词：安全评价模式 低中放废物 核废物 原子能工业 

分 类 号：X770.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]