黄土区大型露天煤矿排土场景观格局分析——以平朔矿区为例  

Landscape Pattern Analysis of Dumping Large Opencast Coal Mine within Loess Area

作　　者：张前进[1] 白中科[2] 郝晋珉[1] 周孝[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]中国地质大学土地科学技术系,北京100083 [3]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第4期317-320,404,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40071077;40471132)

摘　　要：在矿区废弃地的恢复中,景观演变的过程及空间格局研究,对矿区的生态安全、土地资源可持续发展具有重要的作用。本研究以山西平朔矿区为例,在对矿区地貌、植被、土壤等景观要素调查分析的基础上,在MAP-GIS技术的支持下,运用景观生态学原理,采用景观多样性、优势度、分离度、均匀度、破碎度等景观指数,对南排土场的原地貌和复垦地貌的景观空间格局进行了分析比较,结果表明：南排土场景观由于地形特征和人为干预的原因,耕地斑块减少,林地斑块增加显著,新增了草地景观斑块类型,斑块形状比原地貌趋于规整,林地的多样性和优势度明显增大,而分离度则降低。说明南排土场生态系统在人工的正确诱导下,已形成以林地为景观基质的复垦地景观,且植被的多样性也比原地貌生态系统丰富。During t he process of reclaiming the abandoned land in mine, the research for landscape succession and spatial pattern is playing an important role in ensuring ecological security, land resource sustainable development. On the basis of analysis for landscape features, such as landform, vegetation, soil and the like, the paper took pingshuo opencast mine as an example and, by means of MAP-G1S and the theory of landscape ecology , and indexes of landscape diversity, evenness, dominance, fragmentation, fractal dimension, compared the landscape spatial pattern of original and reclaimed lands. The results are as follows： Because of terrain characters and artificial interference reasons, the plough patch is decreasing and ,voodland patch is increasing, and grassplot appears. Totally, patch shape is more regular than before. The woodlands multiformity and preponderant attribute is clearly enhancing while its isolation is decreasing. These show that under correct artificial intervention, the ecosystem in south dump is becoming rehabilitation landscape based on woodland, and where the mutilformity of vegetable is more abundant than former ecosystem.

关 键 词：黄土区 露天矿 土地复垦 生态重建 

分 类 号：TD991[矿业工程—选矿]