某焦化企业职业卫生学调查与评价  

Evaluation of Occupational Hygiene in the Coking Enterprise

作　　者：李秀萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省疾病预防控制中心,山西太原030012

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2006年第6期336-338,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的对某焦化企业职业病危害因素的危害程度和防护措施效果进行评价,并提出合理、可行的职业病防护对策。方法通过现场调查和工程分析,识别焦化企业生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素的种类及产生的主要环节。检测工作地点职业病危害因素的浓度,并对检测结果进行统计、分析。依据国家有关法律、法规、标准、规范评价其职业病危害程度及防护设施的效果。结果(1)某焦化企业主要职业病危害因素为:粉尘、噪声、高温、辐射热、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、酚、氰化物、焦炉逸散物、苯并(a)芘;(2)在检测的工作场所中,一氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、酚7种毒物的浓度均达到了国家职业卫生标准;(3)粉尘、噪声超标较为严重,其中粉尘超标率达50.0%,噪声超标率达31.6%;(4)苯并(a)芘浓度大部分超过了标准要求,超标率达84.6%。结论采取行之有效的职业病防护措施,加强职业卫生管理,大力宣传职业病防护知识,提高劳动者的自我保护意识,做好工作场所职业病危害因素的日常检测、劳动者职业健康监护、应急救援设施的管理和维护等工作,该焦化厂的职业病危害因素浓度及职业病防护设施的运行效果基本能够达到国家职业卫生标准和符合国家有关规定的要求。Objective To explore occupational risk factors and hazard degrees, evaluate the protective effects, and take reasonable and feasible protective measures. Methods Through field investigation and engineering analysis,occupational risk factors were identified and confirmed in the production process. Concentrations （intensities） of risk factors were determined and results were analyzed by statistics. According to the national laws and standards, hazard levels and protective measures were cvaluated.Resyktss （1） In the coking enterprise,the main occupational risk factors were dust,noise,high temperature,heat radiation,carbon monoxide （ CO ）, sulfur dioxide （ SO2 ）, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, ammonia （ NH3 ）, benzene, toluene, xykene, phenol, cyanide, coke oven emissions, benso （a） pyrenc and so on, （2） In the monitored workplaces, seven occupational risk factors （CO, SO2, NOx ,benzene, toluene ,xylens and phenol）accorded with national occupational health standards. （3） Dust and noise seriously exceeded national standards, 50% of samples exceeded national standards in dust,and 31.6 % of samples exceeded in noise. （4） The concentrations of benzo（α） pyrene mostly exceeded national standards, 84.6 of samples exceeded national standards. Conclusion Through effective protective measures ,the enterprise strengthens occupational health management,actively propagates the protective knowledge of occupational diseases, and improves workmen＇ s self- protective - consciousuess. Meantime, in workplace, the related department ought to monitor occupational hazards and health surveillance of workmen periodicadly, stringency and rescue＇ s management and prevention of installment in the coking plant. Concentrations of occupational hazards and protective mea- sures can control basically under national occupational health standards and correspond the demands related to national regulations.

关 键 词：焦化企业 职业病危害因素 工作场所 空气 评价 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]