塔里木河流域2004年“四源一干”河川径流情势及输水运行分析  

Streamflow Regime of Four Source Rivers and Mainstream of Tarim River,Xinjiang and Transfer Water Course in 2004

作　　者：阿迪力.艾则孜 王建文[2] 张建岗[3] 毛炜峄[4] 张丽萍 沈永平[6] 王顺德[1] 王刚[3] 

机构地区：[1]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]巴州水文水源勘测局,新疆库尔勒841000 [3]塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [5]博尔塔拉水文水资源勘测局,新疆博乐833400 [6]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2006年第6期931-940,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项"塔里木河流域气候暖湿化及人类活动对地表水资源的影响"资助

摘　　要：2004年塔里木河流域平原的年平均气温特高,山区偏高.平原与山区年降水量均正常略偏多,流域内春夏季0℃层高度偏低.2004年塔里木河四条源流出山口天然径流量224.0×108m3,属平水年.天山南坡的河流水量偏丰,阿克苏河偏多15.9%,为丰水年;开都河-孔雀河偏多4.2%,为平略偏丰水年.而喀喇昆仑山及昆仑山北坡的河流水量均少于多年均值,如叶尔羌河偏少10.8%,为偏枯水年;和田河偏少17.9%,为枯水年.四条源流阿克苏河、和田河、叶尔羌河、开都河-孔雀河入塔里木河总水量为27.02×108m3,占四条源流出山口天然径流总量的12.1%,叶尔羌河全年无水输入塔里木河.2004年塔里木河干流上游段阿拉尔-英巴扎耗水量为19.19×108m3,是干流最大的耗水区段;中游段英巴扎-恰拉耗水量为7.530×108m3,为治理前的30.3%,是输水堤工程竣工和加强管理的效益.2004年4月22日至6月25日,实施了第6次从博斯腾湖向塔里木河下游应急输水,历时65 d从博斯腾湖调出水量1.600×108m3,大西海子水库泄洪闸向下游输水量1.020×108m3,水头再次到达台特玛湖,多年来的调水已使下游河段两岸生态环境有了明显改善.The Tarim Basin is the biggest arid inland basin in China. The Aksu, Hotan, Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers are four source rivers of Tarim River drainage. The three tributary river systems （Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant） that contribute flows to the Tarim River join just above the Aler gauging station where the Tarim River begins. From the confluence of its three main contributing tributaries, the Tarim River mainstream extends 1 321 km to Taitema Lake. In addition the Kaidu -Konque River Basin, which is hydrologically separate from the Tarim River, contributes water to the Tarim River by means of a man-made transfer channel. The annual mean air unusual high in plain, but was mountain regions in Tarim River tam slig perature was ht higher in sin in 2004. Both precipitations in plain and mountains were a little more than normal. The 0 ℃level height was lower in spring and summer in Tarim River Basin. In 2004, total annual virgin flow of 224.0 × 10^8m^3 from four mountains basins of Aksu, Hotan, Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers drain into the Tarim basin, is an normal hydrological year. The Aksu River and Kaidu-Konque Rivers from the south slope of Tianshan Mountains have a large runoff rising comparing with average annual runoff, Aksu River, increasing by 15.9%, was an abundant hydrological year; Kaidu-Konque Rivers, increasing by 4.2 %, was a slight abundant hydrological year. But the runoff in Yarkant River from the Karakorum and Hotan River from the West Kunlun Mountains were less than average annual runoff, Yarkant River, decreasing by 10.8%, was a little shortage of water year; Hotan River, decreasing by 17.9% , was a shortage of water year. The total discharge of which are Aksu, Hotan, the four source rivers, Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers, drain into Tarim River is 27. 02 × 10^8m^3 in 2004, occupy up 12.1 % of annual virgin flow from mountains basin. The Yarkant River is the only river no water drain into the mainstream of Tarim Rive. The interzone consumed water of the Tarim River mainstream are estimat

关 键 词：2004年 塔里木河 河川径流 输水运行 耗水 生态需水 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]