环境对杂交水稻胞质及核质互作遗传表现的影响．不同N素下不育胞质对杂种一代光合生理与保护酶活性的影响  

Influence of environmental conditions on genetic performance of cytoplasmic effects and nucleocytoplasmic interaction in hybrid rice V. Effects of sterile cytoplasms on photosynthetic physiology and the activities of defense enzymes in hybrid rice under d

作　　者：林文雄[1] 梁义元[1] 吴志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农业大学

出　　处：《应用生态学报》1996年第4期364-370,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：福建省教委基金

摘　　要：研究结果表明，水稻不育胞质对杂种一代产量表现的影响与其对后期干物质生产与分配的影响密切相关在４种Ｎ素条件（６０、１５０、２４０和３３０ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２）下，不育胞质对杂种一代前期干物质生产与累积呈不同程度的正效应，其平均效应值为１．３７～１．４７ｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１进入生育后期，不同Ｎ处理的胞质效应表现明显不同，在Ｎ２（１５０ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２）或Ｎ３（２４０ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２）下，不育胞质对杂种一代的干物质生产及产量表现正效应不显著，因而产量较高；但在Ｎ素胁迫下（６０ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２或３３０ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２），其胞质效应多呈显著负效应，因而减产．分析表明，逆境下水稻不育胞质对杂种一代干物质生产与分配的影响呈显著负效应，而使产量降低，与逆境下不育胞质对杂种一代后期叶片ＲＵＢＰｃａｓｅ、ＡＴＰａｓｅ和保护酶活性呈显著负效应有关，对在Ｎ素胁迫下水稻多胺代谢。The results show that there is closely relatlonship between the effects of sterile cytoplasms on dry mat ter pdriuctlon and partioning and on the yield performance o[ hybrid rice at late growth stage. Nonsignificantly - positive sterile - cytoplasmic effects on dry matter production, ranging from 1. 37 ～ 1. 47 g· m-2· day-1 on an average, are found at early growth stage of hybrid rice across 4 supply N treatments, but the situation is quite different at late growth stage, especially in exposure of hybrid rice to nitrate stress. The nonsignificantly-positive effects of sterile cytoplasms on dry matter production and on the grain yield of hybrid rice are detected, in turn leading to increased grain yield of hybrid rice under favorable nitrogen conditions(150～240 kg N·hm- 2 ), the reverse is true under unfavorable nitrogen supply(≤60 kg N·hm-2 or≥330 kg N·hm-2 ). Further analysis suggests that this process is closely related to the activities of RUBPcase, ATPase and defense enzymes at late growth stage of hybrid rice, indicating the same reaction of cytoplasmic effects on them, particularly under the nitrate stress. Finally the physiological relationship between polyamine metabolism and changes in the activities of defense enzymes and the amount of free radicals is also discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 保护酶 胞质效应 环境 遗传效应 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]