1989至2003年全国窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒的特征  

Characterization of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases in Chin between 1989 and 2003

作　　者：张敏[1] 李涛[1] 王焕强[1] 王鸿飞[1] 陈曙旸[1] 杜燮祎[1] 秦戬[1] 张爽[1] 纪丽颖[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]中国人民公安大学医院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2006年第12期712-715,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中央级科研院所社会公益研究专项(2003D1A6N009)

摘　　要：目的探讨我国窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的发生特点,为制定职业性窒息性气体中毒的防制策略提供科学依据。方法对收集的1989至2003年的窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒资料进行描述性分析。结果(1)15年间全国共报告窒息性气体重大急性中毒事故273起,中毒患者1638例,死亡600人,分别占全国重大急性职业中毒总中毒起数、总中毒例数和总中毒死亡人数的53．95%、35．17%和78．64%,平均中毒年龄(33．8±9．7)岁,中毒死亡年龄(36．6±10．0)岁。(2)我国窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的发生规律和特点为：时间主要分布在每年的4～9月；中毒物质主要集中在硫化氢、一氧化碳和二氧化碳等化学物；行业主要集中在化学、开采、水处理、造纸和食品酿造等工业；岗位主要集中在清洗、检修、生产、采矿和挖掘等岗位；中毒场所主要集中在密闭空间、地下室和矿井；中毒和死亡者多为男性。结论(1)我国窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的危害更为严重。(2)应抓好硫化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等毒物的控制；规范挖掘、清洗、疏通、检修和采矿等岗位的作业；重视密闭空间作业的职业危害控制工作。Objective To analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases reported in China between 1989 and 2003,and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies. Methods The data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods. Results （1） There were 273 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases for 15 years with 1638 workers poisoned and 600 workers died, which accounted for 53.95% in total accidents and 35.17% of workers poisoned and 78.64% of workers died of all severe acute occupational poisoning accidents. The average poisoning age was（33.8 ± 9.7） years old and the average death age was（36.6 ± 10.0） years old. （2）Most of the accidents were caused by hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide respectively, and mainly occurred in chemical industry, mining, water disposal industry, paper making industry and brewing industry. The risk was higher in some jobs than others, such as cleanout, machine maintenance and repair, production, mine and digging. The poisoning accidents occurred more frequently from April to September each year and occurred in the confined space, in the basement and the mine, and workers died of poisoning mostly were men. Conclusion （1）The severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases are more dangerous than others. （2）The control of poisoning accidents related to hydrogen sulfide, catch monoxide and carbon dioxide, which occurred easily in the confined space, should be paid more attention to, and good work practice should be developed on some posts, such as digging, cleanout, dredge, machine maintenance and repair and mine.

关 键 词：气体中毒 事故 职业 事故预防 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]