1989至2003年全国刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒的特征  

Characterization of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to irritating gases in China between 1989 and 2003

作　　者：杜燮祎[1] 张敏[1] 王焕强[1] 李涛[1] 王鸿飞[1] 陈曙旸[1] 张爽[1] 秦戬[1] 纪丽颖[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]中国人民公安大学医院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2006年第12期716-719,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中央级科研院所社会公益研究专项(2003D1A6N009)

摘　　要：目的探讨我国刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的发生特点,为制定相应防制策略提供科学依据。方法对15年间全国报告的刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒资料进行描述性分析。结果(1)15年间共发生刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒事故92起,年均6．1起,直接导致中毒的物质有40种,平均每起事故中毒14．5例,中毒死亡0．8人；单起事故最多中毒116例,最多中毒死亡7人。氯气的中毒起数、中毒病例数和中毒死亡例数均居前列；(2)中毒事故发生的高峰期为每年的7、8月份,化学工业的生产、检修和清洗岗位刺激性气体中毒事故多发。结论(1)刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒事故危害严重。(2)刺激性气体重大职业中毒事故毒物、行业和岗位分布集中趋势明显,要对重点毒物、重点行业和重点岗位进行预防控制。(3)做好刺激性气体重大事故发生的预警、预报和应急救援工作。Objective To analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to irritating gases reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies. Methods The data from the na- tional occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods. Results （ 1 ） There were 92 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases during 15 years, which showed that there were 14.5 accidents occurred each year. Forty types of chemicals were reported to cause poisoning accidents directly. On average, there were 14.5 persons poisoned and 0.8 persons died of poisoning in each event. The number of death of poisoning reached 7 in most of the severe accidents. Chlorine was the main irritating gas resulting in poisoning accidents according to the number of accidents, cases and death. Conclusion （1）The severe acute occupational poisoning related to irritating gases are more dangerous than others because of it is involved in more cases in each accident. （2）The accidents have concentricity in the certain types of chemicals, industries and jobs, and should be focused on control. （3） It is important to develop the program about early warning and forecast and the first aid.

关 键 词：气体中毒 事故 职业 事故预防 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]