有毒亚历山大藻对卤虫存活率和摄食率的影响  

The effects of toxic Alexandrium species on the survival and feeding rateof brine shrimp Artemia salina

作　　者：吴振兴[1] 邹迎麟[1] 朱明远[1] 王宗灵[1] 王丹[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第12期3942-3947,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2001CB409709)~~

摘　　要：研究了有毒亚历山大藻对卤虫存活率和摄食率两方面的影响，得出以下结论：在卤虫存活率实验中，有毒亚历山大藻在2000cells／ml的密度下，对卤虫具有致死效应，卤虫在24-168h内全部死亡；在摄食实验中，有毒亚历山大藻对卤虫的摄食产生明显的抑制作用，卤虫对有毒藻的平均摄食率明显低于无毒藻组和混合实验组。在加入无毒藻东海原甲藻的混合培养状态下。卤虫存活率上升，30-60min摄食率增加，东海原甲藻在一定程度上可以减轻塔玛亚历山大藻对卤虫的毒害作用。有毒藻产生的PSP毒素并非导致卤虫死亡的主要原因，毒害作用可能与出现在卤虫体外的黏附物质有关。通过对3个不同生长期卤虫的研究发现，后无节幼体卤虫对有毒亚历山大藻的毒害作用最为敏感。Zooplankton is an important link between phytoplankton and higher consumers. In order to investigate the harmful effects of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium species on zooplankton, four strains of Alexandrium spp., isolated from the Chinese coast, were used to test the species＇ effects on survival and feeding rate of the brine shrimp, Anemia salina. The experiment was designed to assess the A. salina＇ s response in each of its life cycle stages ： nauplii, metanauplii and adult. Each experiment was conducted in a 500 ml treatment was added. The toxic treatments consisted of single strains of A. minutum, A. catanella and A. tamarense （Nanhai and Donghai strain）, while non-toxic species （dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense and diatom Chaetoceros minutissimus） were used as control treatments. An additional phytoplankton treatment consisted of a mixture of A. tamarense （ Nanhai strain） and P. donghaiense. Alexandrium species were found to have lethal effects on the brine shrimp at a density of 2000 cells/ml. All of the brine shrimps died within 24 - 168 hours of inoculation with the four treatments containing single toxic Alexandrium species. During the feeding experiment, toxic Alexandrium spp. inhibited feeding rates in all three stages of A. salina, while this response was not obvious in the non-toxic P. donghaiense treatment. The body surface of those brine shrimp fed Alexandrium species was consistently covered by a sticky floc. A. salina mortality was observed to increase with the occurrence of the floc. Toxicity of the paralytic shellfish poisoning（PSP） toxin produced by the Alexandrium species was not significantly correlated with the survival or feeding rate of the brine shrimp. When mixed with P. donghaiense, the lethal effect of A.tamarense decreased as shown by an increase in the survival and feeding rate of the brine shrimp. A. salina metanauplii were found to be the life stage most sensitive to the toxic algae and hunger. In summary, toxic Alexandrium spp. Were found to have let

关 键 词：亚历山大藻 卤虫 存活率 摄食率 东海原甲藻 PSP 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] Q948.8