大山包自然保护区越冬黑颈鹤对觅食地选择的初步研究  

A Primary Study on Feeding Habitat Use of Black-necked Crane During Winter

作　　者：刘宁[1] 邝粉良[1] 夏峰[2] 钟兴耀 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省环境科学研究院,云南昆明650034 [3]大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护管理局,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2006年第4期25-32,共8页Journal of West China Forestry Science

摘　　要：对云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区越冬黑颈鹤种群所选用的觅食地进行了调查和初步研究。研究结果表明：在其越冬黑颈鹤的家庭鹤与集群鹤两种类群中对觅食地的8种生境因子（坡度、坡向、坡位、植被型、植被盖度、植被高度、最近水源距离和最近干扰距离）及其相对应的项目均表现出有相同的选择性。除家庭鹤更偏好选用上坡位（54．4％）作觅食地，而集群鹤更偏好选用下坡位（44．5％）作觅食地外；对其他因子的选择频次相差不大。对大山包自然保护区越冬黑颈鹤觅食地进行了因子分析，提取了主成分。其结果表明：对越冬黑颈鹤觅食地影响较大的生境因子为植被盖度、植被高度、水源距离和干扰距离。对其两种类群而言，对家庭鹤影响较大的生境因子为植被盖度、坡向、干扰距离和植被高度；而对集群鹤影响较大的生境因子为水源距离、坡向和植被高度。越冬黑颈鹤所选择的觅食地的主要特征具体表现为开阔（植被高度3～10cm，上坡位（54．5％））、距离水源较近（100～500m）、植被盖度适中（〉40％-〈60％）、背风[东北坡向（45．4％）和西南风（63．6％）]、缓坡（〈30°）、附近有人类活动（距100～700m）的鸭茅草草地。大山包自然保护区越冬黑颈鹤中家庭鹤与集群鹤对觅食地选用的差别主要表现在水源距离、植被盖度和干扰距离上。The feeding habitat use of black-necked crane （ Grus nigricollis） in winter was studied at Dashanbao National Natural Reserve , in Zhaotong county , Yunnan Province. The data were analyzed by SPSS11.0 for windows to extract the principal factors that influenced the habitat use of black-necked crane. The results showed as follows ： The main ecological factors notably influence on feeding habitats＇ use of crane in winter were ： vegetation canopy, high of vegetation, distance of water and human disturbance, The main ecological factors notably influence on feeding habitats＇ use of family crane in winter were ： altitude, vegetation canopy, slope, human disturbance and high of vegetation, The main ecological factors notably influence on feeding habitats＇ use of were ： distance of water, slope position and high of vegetation. The main characteristics of the often used by black-necked cranes were wide （the high of vegetation is 3cm to 10cm group crane in winter habitat that had been grasslan of vegetation （40 %～60 % ） , the up location of slope is 54. 5 % ） and gentle slope （ 〈30 d with middle canopy , 86. 2 %） which is near the water （100 ~500m） and next where the human being is habitat use of black-necked crane between family and group at showed mainly in distance of water, vegetation canopy and human on activities （100 ～ 700m） . The difference on Dashanbao National Natural Reserve in winter disturbance

关 键 词：大山包自然保护区 越冬黑颈鹤 觅食地选择 

分 类 号：S718.6[农业科学—林学]