RAPD应用于遗传多样性和系统学研究中的问题  

PROBLEMS IN THE USE OF RAPD TO THE STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS

作　　者：汪小全[1] 邹喻苹[1] 张大明[1] 张志宪 洪德元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1996年第12期954-962,共9页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：在研究银杉（Ｃａｔｈａｙａ ａｒｇｙｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）的遗传多样性时，对ＲＡＰＤ 产物的影响因素进行了大量的实验探索，结果表明：逐级纯化的ＤＮＡ 模板的ＲＡＰＤ结果一致， 因而模板制备过程中的很多纯化步骤是不必要的； ＲＮＡ 对扩增产物无影响； 模板浓度在一个相当大的范围内不影响扩增结果； 从干叶和鲜叶中提取的ＤＮＡ 可获得一致的扩增产物； 从而证明ＲＡＰＤ 产物具有很好的重复性。进而讨论了ＲＡＰＤ产物分析及数据分析中的一些问题。通过对升麻属（Ｃｉｍ ｉｃｉｆｕｇａ） ５ 种、类叶升麻（Ａｃｔａｅａ ａｓｉａｔｉｃａ）及松潘乌头（Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ ｓｕｎｇｐａｎｅｎｓｅ）的ＲＡＰＤ 结果分析，认为ＲＡＰＤ 方法可用于种间乃至近缘属间的系统学研究，Rapid, simple and highly sensitive are the great advantages of RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method. However, its optimum condition of amplification varies greatly among different studies and, in turn, causes much debates in terms of its reproducibility and validation of its application to the study of systemetics. For this reason the authors tried to probe into some essential factors that might affect the result of RAPD assay. The results from the authors genetic diversity research in Cathaya argyrophylla confirmed that (a) DNA templates, whether undergoing multiple steps of purification or not, showed the same RAPD profiles, hence, most of the steps would be unnecessary; (b) RNA, no matter deprived or not from the DNA templates, had no influence on amplification; (c) DNA templates with a wide range of concentration produced the same band patterns constantly; (d) DNA templates extracted from either fresh or dry leaves produced the same RAPD results. Therefore, it was concluded that RAPD exhibited very good reproducibility. Furthermore,the authors had also discussed some problems in product analysis and data analysis of RAPD.The use of RAPD method in taxonomic study was evaluated in the study on the relationships of congeneric species of Cimicifuga, Actaea asiatica and Aconitum sungpanense, and the applicability of RAPD to systematic studies of species and closely related genera, although with some limitations, was highly appreciated.

关 键 词：植物 随机扩增多态 DNA 遗传多样性 系统学 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学] Q949