青菱湖和黄家湖水生植物多样性的比较分析  

^A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF APQUATIC PLANTS IN QINGLING LAKE. AND HUANGJIA LAKE

作　　者：于丹[1] 康辉 谢平[1] 陈宜瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境科学系,中国科学院水生生物研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》1996年第6期565-575,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"八.五"重大基础研究项目

摘　　要：讨论了渔业利用对武汉市两个近郊湖泊的不同影响，养鱼历时１０ａ的黄家湖中水生植物种类数量锐减，鱼喜食的一些植物种类已灭绝。青菱湖渔业利用强度低，仅在东半部进行２ａ鱼类粗养试验，故水生植物生长受到较少影响，１９９４年停放鱼苗后，东半部水生植被得以恢复，许多乡土种重新在湖区中出现。对青菱湖与黄家湖水生植物区系组成、群落结构、物种丰富度与均匀度、群落分类与生物量及植被分布等进行了对比分析。青菱湖现有水生植物５２种，包括一些稀有种和对环境变化敏感的易危种；群落结构较复杂，数量特征值和生产量较高。相反，黄家湖仅有２９种植物，且多为广布种；群落结构简单，数量特征值和生产量较低。从植物丰富度比较青菱湖的值明显偏高。造成两湖水生植物多样性变化较大的主要原因是人为干扰。Huangjia Lake and Qingling Lake are two small-sized lakes,located on the south bank of Changjiang (Yangtze)River.The two lakes are about two kilometres apart and 13 kilometres from Wuhan City. The area of Huangjia Lake is 6.9 km2and 1.2m on average in depth in August. Qingling Lake is 9. 7 km2 in area and 1.7 m in depth.Huangjia Lake has a long history of fishculture. With the development of fishery exploitation,the environment of the lake is destroyed seriously and most of the aquatic plants disappeared.Qingling Lake is separated into two parts and one is used for breeding fish and the other is not interfered.Within the part of Qingling Lake under normal conditions,the majority of plants distributed in the outside of the palisade which is about three fifth of the total are a of the lake.Moreover, only 10 species existed within the palisade because fishculture is intensified in recent years. The plants living outside the palisade are more than those of inside,especially the species of the genus Trapa which are rare in the Huangjia Lake. In addition, Ottelia alismoides,also distributed outside the Qingling Lake and scatterad from the Yun-Gui plateau to Sanjiang Plain, but it has become a rare species in the lakes of the Changjiang River basin.This paper tries to find out the factors affecting the growth and distribution of aquatic plants.The relationship between the species richness and the structure of community,and the reasons for the aquatic plants disappearance from the lakes.In order to reach these purposes,some corresponding researches have been carried out in the Huangjia Lake and Qingling Lake.The results obtained from the experiments show clearly that the fishery exploitation is the main limiting factor which affect the life of the plants.The species richness is closely related to the structure of the communities.

关 键 词：水生植物 多样性 青菱湖 黄家湖 

分 类 号：Q948.881[生物学—植物学]