紫花地丁开放花和闭锁花繁殖特征的研究  

COMPARISON BETWEEN CLEISTOGAMY AND CHASMOGAMY IN PERENNIAL HERB VIOLA YEDOENSIS(VIOLACEAE)

作　　者：刘绮丽[1] 刘香梅[1] 刘薇薇[1] 廖万金[1] 

机构地区：[1]生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室北京师范大学生态学研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第6期605-609,共5页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30125008);北京师范大学本科生科研创新基金资助项目

摘　　要：对北京地区一扰动生境中紫花地丁(Viola yedoensis)开放花和闭锁花的产量、结实率和种子质量等繁殖特征进行了比较.开放花在3月初开始开放,雄蕊5枚,具有吸引传粉者开放的花冠等特征.闭锁花4月初开始形成,雄蕊2枚,且与柱头紧密接触,适应闭花受精.在扰动生境中,紫花地丁个体往往形成更多的闭锁花,而且闭锁花的结实率显著高于开放花的结实率.所以,大部分种子都是通过闭锁花闭花受精形成的.但是,开放花产生的种子更大,因而可能具有更高的幼苗存活率.即使在不利生境中,闭锁花也能保障植物繁殖和一定的种子产生.而开放花则产生更多的异交种子以适应新的生境.Differences in production, fruit set and seed quality between chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower are investigated in a disturbed population of the perennial herb Viola yedoensis in Beijing. Chasmogamous flower blooms in early March and is pollinator-attractive with 5 stamens. Cleistogamous flower is produced in early April, has 2 stamens and is adaptive to cleistogamy due to tight touch between anthers and stigma. In the disturbed habitat, plants tend to produce more cleistogamous flowers and fewer chasmogamous flowers. Cleistogamy have a higher fruit set than chasmogamy. Therefore, most of the seeds are produced by cleistogamy. But, chasmogamy produce bigger seeds and hence maybe have a greater probability of seedling surviving than cleistogamy. It seems that cleistogamous flower may allow the plant to reproduce and assure some seed set even in conditions of unfavorable habitat. Chasmogamy sire outcrossing seeds to adaptive new habitats.

关 键 词：紫花地丁 闭花受精 开花受精 繁殖特征 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]