高寒草甸放牧生态系统夏秋草场轮牧制度的模拟研究  

A SIMULATION ANALYSIS ON ROTATION GRAZING SYSTEM OF SUMMER-AUTUMN PASTURE IN AN ALPINE MEADOW ECOSYSTEM

作　　者：黄大明[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学生物科学与技术系

出　　处：《生态学报》1996年第6期607-611,共5页Acta Ecologica Sinica

摘　　要：利用ＧＭＡＭＥ１模拟高寒草甸放牧生态系统夏秋草场在临界放牧压力下的２７０种轮牧制度，并对其累积采食量进行比较分析。结果指出：在高寒草甸放牧生态系统中，最佳的轮牧小区数目为３或４个。证明了Ｍｏｒｌｅｙ规则：最佳轮牧小区数目应该小于１０。推荐２个高寒草甸地区最佳的轮牧模式供野外实验和放牧规划参考：（１）３个轮牧小区，每小区每次持续放牧２９ｄ，放牧压力为３０．１４ｋＪ／ｍ２·ｄ，累积牧草采食量最高为４２５０．４４３ｋＪ／ｍ２。（２）为保持牧草结构的稳定和各轮牧小区牧草生物量的均匀性，可以采用３个轮收小区，放牧持续时间７ｄ，放牧压力Ｉ（１４５）＝２８．８９１４ｋＪ／ｍ２·ｄ，累积采食量为４０７３．３４ｋＪ／ｍ２。An expert system,Grazing Manager of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem 1(GMAME1),has been structured to facilitate stochastic evaluations of rotation grazing system on alpine meadow pastures,Qinghai Province,China.A model grazing on summer-autumn meadow (from 1 June to 30 October)was originated to provide a practical method for estimating the effects of grazing frequency, grazing duration and grazing pressure on GMAME1.The model provides 31 different attributes for characterizing the performance of a grazing system. Analysis of 270 simulated rotation grazing systems provided an inference base to support two recommendations concering the management variables.The recommendations are as followes:First,a three-field system,a twenty-nine-day grazing duration and 30. 14 kJ/m2·d grazing pressure.The system has the highest accummulated intake, 4250. 44 kJ/m2.Second, a three-field system,a seven-day grazing duration,28.89kJ/m2·d grazing pressure and accummulated intake,4073.34 kJ/m2.It is beneficial to stabilizing grass structure and evening grass biomass in every field.

关 键 词：草原生态 高寒草甸 放牧生态系 夏秋草场 轮牧制 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]