历史时期塔里木盆地南缘交通线路变迁与环境的关系  

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAFFIC LINE CHANGE AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTHERN TARIM BASIN IN HISTORICAL PERIOD

作　　者：熊黑钢[1] 韩春鲜[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学应用文理学院城市系,北京100083 [2]新疆绿洲生态重点实验室

出　　处：《人文地理》2006年第6期40-44,共5页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:40461008);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(批准号:G1999043508)

摘　　要：通过对古遗址、古交通线路的多年考察以及沉积剖面分析,结合历史文献和考古资料,探讨了塔里木盆地南缘汉代以来在自然与人文环境影响下交通线路变迁的特点。历史上,在汉、唐两个最为兴盛的时期,气候湿润,国家统一,中央政府统辖西域军政事物。自然与人文环境有利于发展。塔里木盆地南缘各绿洲经济发达,社会稳定,交通往来频繁,线路稳定、通畅。在此两个时期之后的阶段,自然环境干燥少雨,中央政府衰败,难以顾及和控制西域,地方政权相互角逐争斗。绿洲受多种因素影响迁移、废弃或消失过程中,交通线路变迁快。空间上,东西向的交通线路在和田河与克里雅河之间向南移动了200km左右;克里雅河与车尔臣河之间向南移动了100km左右;和田河以西移动了10—50km;而车尔臣河以东变化不大。南北向的交通线路中,沿和田河的交通线路自古以来一直有人通行,而沿克里雅河的路古代也曾是连接盆地南北的主要通道。From Hart dynasty on, traffic lines located in southem Tarim basin had been changed under the influenee of natural and human environment vicissitudes. On the base of the long time investigation and study of the ancient ruins scattered in the south Takalimakan desert including the analysisresults of the deposit seetion, the historical document, as well as the archaeological studying results, the research showed that during the Han dynasty and Tang dynasty, all natural and human conditions provided a helpful supporting environment foundation to regional development. Indicators of ancient relies and sedimentary layers showed that the southern Tarim basin was in a relatively wetter climate during Han dynasty and Tang dynasty, which was useful for irrigation agriculture and economic development. The oases countries, controlled by the central power of China, were in the stage of administrative management stable, society maintenance, and communication with each other frequent; as a result, roads connecting the oases of south Tarim basin were maintained and unbloeked. After those two dynasties, roads experienced much more vicissitudes because human and natural environment of the basin became unhelpful to oases development, society were in chaos for countries of oases in Tarim basin scrambling for the power, which made wars broken frequently, irrigation system of oases destroyed, and oases deserted. The sedimentary layers of south Tarim basin analysis indicated that the first desert layer appeared in about 1500B.C. because the climate of Tarim basin turned warmer and drier during Wei-Jin dynasty, and the same feature emerged during Song -Yuan dynasty, it enhanced the ancient oases of south Tarim Basin to be deserted further. The new oases were developed near to the upper reaches of rivers more, and roads connecting the west to east locating along south Tarim basin were also moved from north to south.

关 键 词：交通线路 塔里木盆地南缘 变迁 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]