蟹类精荚贮存和裂解研究进展  

Study on spermatophore storage and dehiscence in crab

作　　者：管卫兵[1] 王桂忠[1] 李少菁[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋学系近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《水产学报》2007年第1期120-128,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"资助项目(2002AA603013)

摘　　要：In general,crab receives copious quantities of seminal fluid during mating,and stores them in special seminal receptacles,viz.spermatheca,for a prolonged period.The spermatheca of the advanced brachyuran crabs has been described for many species.The spermatheca is a dilation of the proximal region of the oviduct connecting it to the ovary.The vagina leads from the base of the spermatheca and opens outside the ovipore.Some crabs have the special structure,such as valve-like tissue,bursa,intermediate chamber.The seminal secretion delivered during mating has been shown to undergo a kind of solidification inside the spermatheca,giving rise to a structure called "sperm plug".In some species the sperm plug extends into the vagina and even protrudes from the vulva.The role of a sperm plug is not certain,but it has been assumed that it helps to prevent the loss of sperm after copulation.The sperm viability during prolonged storage is an interesting question,the seminal substances,together with spermathecal secretions,could provide nutrients and antibacterial substance for sperm maintenance.The anaerobic environment of spermatheca and the unmature spermatozoa for storage are also the reason for survival in spermatheca.In brachyuran crabs where multiple mating occurs,there is sperm competition for fertilization.Some study revealed the existence of another type spermatophore with smooth and thin spermatophoric walls,so differences in the morphology of the spermatophoric wall were directly related to the degree of dehiscence of spermatophores upon copulation,which supports the hypothesis of different fertilization.So the quantity of ejaculate stored in spermathecae does not necessarily correlate with the mating success of the female,but may also depend on the type of spematophores and their quantity transferred at the previous mating.In the brachyura,sperm transfer and storage mechanisms are related to the type of fertilization.Whether is internal or external needs more research on the fertilization of egg in spermathecae..In general, crab receives copious quantities of seminal fluid during mating, and stores them in special seminal receptacles, viz. spermatheca, for a prolonged period. The spermatheca of the advanced brachyuran crabs has been described for many species. The spermatheca is a dilation of the proximal region of the oviduct connecting it to the ovary. The vagina leads from the base of the spermatheca and opens outside the ovipore. Some crabs have the special structure, such as valve-like tissue, bursa, intermediate chamber. The seminal secretion delivered during mating has been shown to undergo a kind of solidification inside the spermatheca, giving rise to a structure called ＂sperm plug＂. In some species the sperm plug extends into the vagina and even protrudes from the vulva. The role of a sperm plug is not certain, but it has been assumed that it helps to prevent the loss of sperm after copulation. The sperm viability during prolonged storage is an interesting question, the seminal substances, together with spermathecal secretions, could provide nutrients and antibacterial substance for Sperm maintenance. The anaerobic environment of spermatheca and the unmature spermatozoa for storage are also the reason for survival in spermatheca. In brachyuran crabs where multiple mating occurs, there is sperm competition for fertilization. Some study revealed the existence of another type spermatophore with smooth and thin spermatophoric walls, so differences in the morphology of the spermatophoric wall were directly related to the degree of dehiscence of spermatophores upon copulation, which supports the hypothesis of different fertilization. So the quantity of ejaculate stored in spermathecae does not necessarily correlate with the mating success of the female, but may also depend on the type of spematophores and their quantity transferred at the previous mating. In the brachyura, sperm transfer and storage mechanisms are related to the type of fertilization. Whether is internal or external needs more research on the fer

关 键 词：蟹 精英 转移 纳精囊 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学]