上海市中小学生自杀行为及心理社会相关因素的研究  

Suicide behaviors and their related psychosocial factors among adolescent students in Shanghai

作　　者：高鸿云[1] 吴增强[2] 邓伟[3] 杨佐廷[2] 黄玉梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属儿科医院心理医学科,上海200032 [2]上海市教育科学研究院普通教育研究所,上海200032 [3]复旦大学医学院社会医学与卫生统计教研室,上海200032

出　　处：《中国循证儿科杂志》2007年第1期32-37,共6页Chinese Journal of Evidence Based Pediatrics

基　　金：上海自然科学基金(032R14001);上海市卫生局科研基金(034108)

摘　　要：目的了解上海市中小学生自杀行为的现状，探索自杀行为的相关危险因素。方法采用分级整群随机抽样方法，选取上海市9所学校：小学5年级、预备初中（预初）、初一、初二、高一和高二年级学生进行匿名自评问卷调查。问卷包括一般情况问卷、流行病学调查中心用抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表、青少年生活事件量表和贝克绝望量表，根据美国疾病控制预防中心（CDC）青少年危险行为调查所采用的方式设置最近12个月的自杀意念、自杀计划和自杀未遂行为调查。自杀行为的年级和性别差异用卡方检验，自杀意念的相关因素分析采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型。结果①发放问卷2513份，当场收回有效问卷2416份，其中男1190份，女1226份；调查人群年龄10～17岁；②调查人群中有自杀意念者368名（15．23％，368／2416），有自杀计划者141名（5．84％，141／2416），自杀未遂者42名（1．74％，42／2416）；③自杀行为的性别差异：男生有自杀意念者178名（14．96％，178／1190），有自杀计划者80名（6．72％，80／1190），自杀未遂者24名（2．02％，24／1190）；女生有自杀意念者190名（15．50％，190／1226），自杀计划者61名（4．98％，61／1226），自杀未遂者18名（1．47％，18／1226）。男、女生自杀行为差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；④自杀意念的发生随年级上升而升高（P〈0．05）。调查显示高二年级学生自杀未遂的发生率最高（5．17％，6／116），其次为预初年级（2．52％，13／516），小学5年级最低（0．86％，3／347）（P〈0．05）。自杀计划的发生率各年级间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；⑤小学生自杀意念与所在学校、家庭住房条件显著相关；初中生的自杀意念与同伴关系、父亲文化水平和母子沟通显著相关；高中生的自杀意念与学习成绩、自由支配�Objective To investigate the prevalence of suicide behaviors and their related factors among adolescent students in Shanghai. Methods The self-completed anonymous questionnaires, which included center for epidemiologic studies depression scale （CES-D）, self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）, adolescent self-rating life events check list （ASLEC）, beck hopelessness scale and a general questionnaire were administered to a random sample of grade 5 - 9, grade 10 and 11 students from 9 primary to high schools in Shanghai in late April 2003. The concept of the suicide behaviors in this study was defined according to the youth risk behaviors surveillance system （YRBSS） from American Center for Disease Control and Prevention （ CDC ）. It included suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt. Chi-square test was used to assess the gender and grade differences of suicide behaviors. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the factors associated with the suicide ideation in the students.Results 2 416 completed questionnaires were obtained from 2 513 participants. Male： 1 190; female：l 226, aged from 10 - 17 years old. During the 12 months preceding the survey, there were 368 （ 15. 23%, 368/2 416 ） students had ever experienced suicidal ideation, ldl （5. 84%, 141/2 416 ） students made suicide plans and 42 （ 1.74%, 42/2 416） students had actually attempted suicide. Suicide ideation was reported in 178 （ 14. 96% , 178/1 190） boys and 190 （ 15.50%, 190/1 226） girls. Eighty （6. 72% ,80/1 190） boys and 61 （4. 98% ,61/1 226） girls reported suicide plans, while 24 （2. 02% ,24/1 190） boys and 18 （ 1.47%, 18/1 226） girls reported suicide attempts. There was no statistical significant difference between the rates of these suicide behaviors in boys and those in girls（P 〉0. 05）. The suicide ideation was increased by the student＇s grade of school（P 〈0.05 ）. The highest rate of suicide attempt was in grade 11 （5.17% ,6/116）, the second was in grade 6 （2.

关 键 词：自杀 青少年 社会心理因素 自杀意念 

分 类 号：B846[哲学宗教—心理学]