历史时期塔里木河下游河道的一次大变迁  

THE CHANGES OF LOWER COURSE OF TARIM RIVER IN HISTORICAL PERIOD

作　　者：王守春[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《干旱区地理》1996年第4期10-18,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!49371065

摘　　要：本文根据考古发现和研究的成果以及历史文献，阐述了在公元4世纪以前的长达两千多年的时间里，沿库鲁克塔格山南侧孔雀河下游故河道，一直有一条稳定的河流．在汉晋时期，存在着向南的分支流．本文着重指出在公元4世纪期间发生一次大改道，沿孔雀河下游河道与另外两条岔流完全断流，形成由铁干里克经阿拉干向南至今若羌北面的罗布庄再向东流的塔里木河下游河道。The Tarim fover is the greatest interior river in China flowing from its origin placeson the Pamir Plateau and the north-west of the Tibet Plateau across the Tarim Basin toits east end. This river changed greatly in historical period. The researching on thechanges of lower course in historical period is very important for following two reasons.The one is that the Tarim River was a passage along which the Silkroad extended in timeand the famous citv Lou-Lan on the road was located at the end of ancient Tarim Xiver.And the another is that the changes of the lower course impacted greatly on the environment of the eastern part of Tarim Basin and the famous lake 'Lop'. According to the find-ings of archeaology and the records in ancient Chinese tvrittings, this paper makes following conclusions, The lower course of Tarim mver was a steady river from approx. 2,000 BC to 4 Cent. A D flowing along the dried Kong-Que fover course today. And this steadylower course of the ancient Tarim River nowed from west to east nearby the ancient Lou-Lan city and emptied to the north -west end of ancient Lop lake. And there were twobranches diverged from the main course to the south-east during the period of Han andJin Dynasties (from 2 Cent. B C to 4 Cent. A D), and the one nowed nearby the ruinsLK, LL, LM, LN. However the lower course changed tremendousely between 330-400A. D. and the main course of the ancient Tarim River from west to east nearby Lou-Lancity dried up, and the ancient city Lou-Lan was abandoned,and the main course of theancient silkroad was changed. At the same time the two branches also dried up. And themain course of the Tarim kiver changed to south and flowed nearby Tiegan-lik and Ala-gan, and turned to north-east in the north of Ruo Qiang city, Located on the foot of themountain range Aitun Tagh on the north edge of Tibet Plateau l and emptied to the south-west end of Lop Lake until 1921 A D, but during this period the lower course of theTarim mver had changed frequently and these changes were only in short dista

关 键 词：环境变迁 塔里木河下游 河道变迁 古河道 

分 类 号：P531[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] TV147[天文地球—地质学]