青藏高原近25年来河流、湖泊的变迁及其影响因素  

Changes of rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the past 25 years and their influence factors

作　　者：朱大岗[1] 孟宪刚[1] 郑达兴[1] 乔子江[1] 邵兆刚[1] 杨朝斌[2] 韩建恩[1] 余佳[1] 孟庆伟[1] 吕荣平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]西藏国土资源厅,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《地质通报》2007年第1期22-30,共9页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目<青藏高原生态地质环境遥感调查与监测>(任务书编号:基[2003]002-32;工作项目编码:200315100002);<青藏高原第三纪重点古湖泊环境演变序列>(任务书编号:科[2003]007-02;工作项目编码:200313000066)成果

摘　　要：结合20世纪70年代中期的MSS图像和90年代末期的ETM+图像解译,对近25年来青藏高原河流、湖泊的分布现状及其变迁进行了分析。研究表明,青藏高原河流总体上变化不明显,部分地区外流水系个别河段略有摆动,内流水系少数河段发生改道、断流,入湖河流河口段发生延伸、退缩等变化。青藏高原多数天然湖泊变化较大,主要是部分湖泊面积缩小或扩大;少数湖泊解体或归并;有的已干涸的湖泊又重新汇水,有的湖泊则接近干涸。导致河流、湖泊演变的主要影响因素有气温变化、降水变化及冰川变化、气候雪线变化等。The present status and changes of distribution of rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the past 25 years have been analyzed according to the interpretation of the MSS remote sensing images in the middle 1970s and the ETM^＋ images at the end of the 1990s. Study indicates that： in general there is no appreciable change of rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; a few river stretches of exterior drainages in some areas fluctuate slightly and a few river stretches of interior drainages are diverted or run dry; the river-mouth stretches where rivers inflow into lake show extensional and recessional changes. Most natural lakes on the plateau change sigrfificandy, mainly manifested by the following aspects： some lakes are reduced or expanded in area, some lakes are disintegrated or merged, water are again collected in some dried-up, and some lakes are nearly dried-up. The main influence factors leading to the changes of rivers and lakes include air temperature change, precipitation change, glacier change and climatic snow line change.

关 键 词：遥感调查 近25年来 河流 湖泊变迁 青藏高原 

分 类 号：P512.31[天文地球—地质学] P512.32