中国水稻品种改良以及对水稻生产的影响  

Rice varietal improvement and rice production in China

作　　者：李海明[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]广东湛江师范学院 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所农业政策研究中心,北京100101 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学院研究生院学报》2007年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：湛江师范学院博士基金项目(ZW0603)资助

摘　　要：分析了中国25个水稻主产省主要种植的水稻品种,探讨中国水稻品种改良进程和水稻品种性状的变化,并采用水稻成本数据研究品种改良对水稻生产的贡献.结果表明,中国品种改良获得了巨大的成功,对水稻生产贡献份额达30%.与20年前相比,水稻审定的品种个数增加了1.5倍.抗病虫害品种的种植面积提高了10%;优质品种的种植面积增加了50%.然而,从20世纪90年代中后期品种改良对水稻生产的贡献逐渐下降.鉴于此,政府应鼓励育种人员进一步发掘优异种质,提高水稻育种水平,突破目前单产停滞不前的现象,从而更好地为水稻生产服务.The specific objective of the study is to analyse the adoption of improved varieties and the changes in characteristics of varieties across China. It also estimates the contribution of varietal improvement to rice production in China. The results indicated that the story of rice improvement over the past 50 years stood as an enormous success. Nearly 30% of the net gain in rice production came from varietal improvement. Compared with the beginning of the 1980s, the numbers of released varieties have increased by 1.5 times, the share of total rice area planted to varieties with resistances, 10%, and the planting area of high-quality varieties, 50%. However, the declining contribution of varietal improvement since 1997 means that governments should encourage breeders to explore elite germplasm, improve breeding level, and enhance yield so that varietal improvement can contribute greater to rice production.

关 键 词：水稻 品种改良 品种性状 水稻生产 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] F3[经济管理—产业经济]