灵山烟区生态环境及其烤烟质量评价  

Evaluation of Environment and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Lingshan Tobacco Areas

作　　者：马京民[1] 马聪[1] 王建刚[2] 姚延宾[1] 葛荣登[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司信阳分公司,信阳464000 [2]河南省烟草公司固始县公司,固始465200 [3]河南省烟草公司罗山县公司,罗山464200

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2006年第5期83-89,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：河南省杰出人才创新基金项目(0421001900);河南省烟草专卖局科技攻关项目(HYKJ200202)

摘　　要：采用相关规范与定量分析相结合的方法,从适宜种植烤烟的基本条件、气候因素、土壤养分状况等方面对河南灵山烟区的生态环境及其烤烟质量进行了评价。结果表明:①灵山烟区生态环境多项指标达到了烤烟生长发育最适宜环境类型所要求的条件。②灵山烟区光、热、水气候资源丰富,并兼有山地气候特点,尤其是典型的亚热带向暖温带过渡型气候特征,可能是该区域烟叶油分充足、吃味醇和、纯净浓香型质量风格突出的主要生态学外因。③灵山烟区土壤有机质含量适中至丰富,总体供氮水平中等,有利于优质烤烟生长发育的调控;绝大部分烟田土壤速效磷含量丰富,速效钾含量中等;多数中微量元素含量丰富,但钙镁比、钾钙比不合理,抑制了烟株对镁和钾的吸收利用;有效锌、有效硼,尤其是有效钼含量普遍偏低。施肥策略应注意控氮、降磷、增钾,适当增施锌肥、硼肥,普遍施用钼肥。④灵山烟区烤烟叶片柔润,颜色橘黄,身份适中,外观品质好;主要化学成分含量适宜,比例协调;劲头适中,烟气饱满,余味舒适,评吸质量较好。Basic conditions for tobacco-growing areas, meteorological factors, status of soil nutrients and quality of tobacco leaves were analyzed in Lingshan, Henan Province, using the method of correlation analysis and quantitative analysis. The results indicated that： ① Many environmental indexes in Lingshan tobacco areas are optimum.② In Lingshan tobacco areas, there are abundant sunlight, heat and rainwater resources , and with hilly climate, especially typical climate from subtropical to warm temperate climate, it could be the major climatic factors to produce high quality tobacco leaves with rich aroma and taste.③ The Organic matter content was medium to high and the capacity of soil N was moderate, which was good for the growth of flue-cured tobacco; In most soil samples, the content of available P was high and the content of available K was medium; the contents of most medium and micro elements were rich. But the ratio of Ca to Mg and the ratio of K to Ca in soil were not balanced, which decreased the absorption of Mg and K. In addition, the contents of available Zn, available B and available Mo were obviously low. It was suggested to control N, decrease P, increase K, Zn, B and Mo for balanced fertilization. ④Lingshan tobacco leaves had distinguishing features of high appearance quality with orange color and medium body, balanced chemical components, good sensory quality with rich flavor and medium physiological intension.

关 键 词：曼山烟区 气候 土壤 烤烟质量 信阳 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]