宁夏平原县域农业水土资源平衡研究  

Study on the Balance of Agricultural Water and Land Resources in Ningxia Plain

作　　者：张晶[1] 封志明[1] 杨艳昭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2007年第2期60-65,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-333)

摘　　要：本文以宁夏平原为案例,从天然状态下的农田水分平衡和人工控制条件下的水土资源平衡两个层次对区域水土资源平衡状况进行了深入地定量研究,其中天然状态下的农田水分平衡采用长系列(1961—2001年)、短时段(月)和多种作物类型(8种)相匹配的操作方法,建立农田水量平衡模型,计算得到了宁夏平原各个县域单元、8种作物、逐年、逐月的有效降水、盈水量、亏水量值。人工控制条件下的水土资源平衡以2000年平水年为代表年份,通过构建县域水土资源平衡方程,计算了宁夏平原12个县域单元的水量平衡与耕地平衡量,揭示了宁夏平原县域单元的水土资源平衡状态。结果表明:①自然降水不能满足作物生长发育的需求,水分亏缺是宁夏平原天然状态下农田水分平衡的主要特征;不同作物水分亏缺程度差异较大。②受作物种植结构、灌溉水量及灌溉水平差异等因素影响,宁夏平原县域水土资源平衡现状差异显著;③从整体上讲,宁夏平原2000年供水量大于需水量,灌溉水量对区域农业水土平衡起决定作用。④为实现灌区可持续发展,应推行“以水定产”战略,调整农业产业结构和产量,同时挖掘灌区节水潜力,提高农业用水效率。This research attempts to study systematically theoretical and practical issues of regional water and land balance in Ningxia Plain at county levels using 1 km ×1 km grid data and Map Objects of GIS. Using field water resource balance equation, the research estimated monthly field water balance of 8 major crops for all of thel2 counties in Ningxia Plain for a period of 1960 -2001. For the balance under human intervention, the research estimated land - use water balance equation at a county in 2000, and calculated the balance between land use and water resources included irrigating water of all of the 12 counties in Ningxia Plain. In order to picture the area circs clearly the research chose 3 counties which are Shizuishan, Qingtongxia and Zhongwei for instance. Results showed that ①precipitation can not meet water demand of the crops for growth and development in Ningxia Plain, and water deficient is the primary character of field water balance under natural regulation ②The diversity of water and land balance of different county is distinct very much influenced by crop structure, the water quantity for irrigation and irrigation level. ③Irrigation water could meet the crop water demand in Ningxia Plain in 2000. There were g. 73 × 10^8m^3water surplus which could irrigate 2. 41 × 10^4 hm^2 cultivated land, there isn＇t much space to expand irrigating cultivated land. ④In order to realize sustainable development, the area should carry out the stratagem of＂ Deciding production by water＂ adjusting agriculture structure and production, at the same time the area should improve water use efficiency.

关 键 词：水土资源平衡 农田水分平衡 宁夏平原 可持续发展 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]