水环境食物资源对昭觉林蛙蝌蚪食性的影响  

Effects of Food Resource in Aquatic Environment on Food Habits of Rana chaochiaoensis Tadpoles

作　　者：周伟[1] 李伟[1] 张庆[1] 彭曙光[1] 李明会[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院保护生物学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报》2007年第1期96-102,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2003CB415100);云南省环境科学与工程创新人才联合培养基地资助

摘　　要：分析采自2005年3～5月昭觉林蛙不同期蝌蚪食性，同步测定同—水塘藻类的种类和生物量。蝌蚪Ⅰ期时，水塘藻类有5门49属，蝌蚪食物中有藻类4门22属；蝌蚪Ⅱ期时，水塘藻类有5门49属，蝌蚪食物中有藻类5门31属；蝌蚪Ⅲ期时，水塘藻类有4门39属，蝌蚪的食物中有藻类4门14属。Mann-Whitney U检验3期蝌蚪食物种类的差异性，Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期的食物种类在37属藻类中有21属差异极显著，有5属差异显著；Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期在33属藻类中有17属差异极显著，有7属差异显著；Ⅰ期和Ⅲ期在28属藻类有3属差异极显著，有1属差异显著。Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ期蝌蚪营养生态位宽度分别为8．229，17．217，9．463。单位体重摄食生物量百分率相似指数和营养生态位Levins重叠指数Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期分别为52．79％和0．760，Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期为50．77％和0．782，Ⅰ期和Ⅲ期为42．28％和0．677。Spearman rank相关指数检验显示，3期蝌蚪食物组成与生境中的食物资源均显著相关，但相关系数呈逐渐减少趋势。蝌蚪食物组成差异性是由于水塘中藻类的变化引起的。选择指数表明，蓝纤维藻和四棘鼓藻为3期蝌蚪一直喜食食物。It was analyzed that food habits of Rana chaochiaoensis tadpoles and algae composition in a pond where the tadpoles were collected from March 2005 to April 2005. The results showed that food items of the frog were four phyla and 22 genera in tadpole stage Ⅰ and meanwhile the algae were five phyla and 49 genera in the pond. Food items of tadpole in stage Ⅱ were five types and 31 categories and meanwhile algae of the pond were five phyla and 49 genera. Food of tadpole in stage Ⅲ were four phyla and 14 genera and meanwhile algae of the pond were four phyla and 39 genera. The results of Mann-Whitney U test showed that there were 21 genera with high significant difference and 5 genera with significant difference out of 37 genera of tadpoles＇ food items between stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, 17 genera with high significant difference and 7 genera with significant difference out of 33 genera of tadpoles＇ food items between stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ, 3 genera with high significant difference and 1 genera with significant difference out of 28 genera of tadpoles＇ food items between stage Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Trophic niche width of stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ were orderly listed as 8.229,17. 217,9. 463. Index of percent similarity （PS） of tadpoles＇ food items in different stage was not very large. The PS and Levins index of trophic niche were respectively listed 52.79% and 0. 760 between stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, 50. 77% and 0. 782 between stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ, 42. 28% and 0. 677 between stage Ⅰ and Ⅲ. The percent of food items of tadpoles of each stage significantly correlated with the percent of food resources in pond via Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and the correlation coefficient declined gradually. The selectivity index showed that Dactylococcopsi and Arthrodesmus were the preferential food items of tadpoles among three stages.

关 键 词：昭觉林蛙 食性 食物选择 蝌蚪 水塘藻类 

分 类 号：S966.35[农业科学—水产养殖]