泉州市机动车尾气污染对儿童神经行为功能影响初探  

Effects of Traffic Exhausts on Children Neurobehavioral Function in Quanzhou

作　　者：王舜钦[1] 张金良[1] 王圣淳[1] 曾奕民[2] 曾晓东 陈淑云 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100083 [2]福建省泉州市疾病预防控制中心,福建泉州362000 [3]福建省泉州市卫生监督所,福建泉州362000 [4]福建省泉州市鲤城区疾病预防控制中心,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2007年第1期12-16,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：北京大学医学部"985"基金资助项目;北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7032025);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30571533)

摘　　要：目的初步探讨低浓度机动车尾气暴露对儿童神经行为功能的影响。方法根据环境监测数据和道路机动车流量,于2005年5—6月在泉州市某区选择机动车尾气污染程度不同的2所小学作为研究现场。分别对2所小学的机动车尾气相关污染物浓度进行监测。选择2所学校共计289名三年级学生为研究对象,进行问卷调查并用计算机化神经行为评价系统中文第3版(NES-C3)进行儿童神经行为功能测试。结果位于机动车尾气污染较严重地区的学校B的校园环境空气中NO2和CO浓度高于位于清洁区的学校A(P<0.05)。神经行为功能测试结果显示,在调整了有关混杂因素后,学校B的儿童的线条判断、视觉保留、简单视觉运动反应时、连续操作的神经行为能力指数(NAI)均低于学校A的儿童,并且2所小学儿童的连续操作NAI比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长期低水平机动车尾气暴露可能对儿童的神经行为功能有不良影响。Objective To explore the effects of traffic exhausts on children＇s neurobehavioral functions. Methods The field study was conducted in Quanzbou, Fujian Province, where two primary schools were chosen based on the counts of passed by automobiles and the monitoring data of ambient air pollutants. School B and school A were located in the high traffic exhausts pollution area and the clear area respectively. The levels of ambient air pollutants in each school were monitored. Neurobohavioral functions of pupils in the 3rd grade were scored by computer-administered neurobehavioral evaluation system （NES-C3）. Results Concentrations of carbon monoxide（CO）, nitrogen dioxide （NO2） in school B campus were significantly higher than those in school A （P〈0.05）. Accordingly, neurobehavioral ability indexes （NAI） in continuous performance and visual simple reaction time of pupils in school B were lower than those in school A after balancing other factors. Conclusion It is suggested that traffic exhausts may induce the damage of children＇ s neurobehavioral functions.

关 键 词：空气污染 儿童 神经行为功能 机动车辆 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]