南澳岛退化草坡的植被恢复研究  

A Study on Vegetation Restoration for the Degenerated Sloping Grassland in Nan'ao Island

作　　者：李萍[1] 黄忠良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园

出　　处：《热带地理》2007年第1期21-24,65,共5页Tropical Geography

基　　金：广东省科技攻关项目(2005B33302012);中国科学院项目(STZ-01-36)

摘　　要：在南澳岛建立次生草坡对照及草坡种植试验样地,观测群落植物多样性、土壤肥力及生物量变化,以探讨海岛退化草坡的植被恢复过程。结果显示,海岛迎风面上修建公路、风能发电场或开垦后的弃耕祼地在自然状况下很难恢复其植被,植物种类和数量甚至有所减少,植被覆盖度下降,需要进行人工植被恢复;在迎风面恶劣的环境下,次生草坡可能是一种偏途顶极,短时间内植物多样性变化不大。退化草坡的土壤肥力较低,开垦后若不及时恢复适当植被,情况会恶化。该岛草坡的生物量均较低,远低于该岛一般人工林或次生林的水平。海岛本身存在水分、土壤、生物条件等方面的脆弱性,在工程建设过程中应尽量避免对地形地貌和植被造成破坏,一旦破坏要尽快进行适生的人工植被恢复。Check experiment was made on the sloping grassland in Nan＇ao Island, where the plant community diversity, soil fertility and biomass were observed, and the vegetation recovery process of the degraded sloping grassland was explored. The results show that： it is difficult for the degenerated sloping grassland to recover the vegetation on the windward side of the island under the natural conditions, that results in low biodiversity and low vegetation coverage. It is necessary to cultivate grass on those degenerated lands. Under the adverse habitats, the succession grassland on the windward slopes would be a biased climax. The vegetation diversity has little variation within a short term. Both exotic Vetiver zizanioides and indigenous Miscanthus sinensis are good species for the vegetation recovery of the windward land. It is unsuccessful to grow seedlings by sowing seeds of Scheffelera octophylla and Litsea glutinosa. Planting seedling would be an only way to recover the degenerated grassland on the windward side of the island. The soil fertility and biomass of the degenerated grassland are much lower than those of the cultivated forests and succession forests. As the systems of water, soil and bioses on the island have frangibility, the destruction of the landform and vegetation should be avoided to the best of our abilities in the course of building projects. The degenerated land should be recovered as soon as possible after destruction.

关 键 词：退化草坡 植被恢复 群落多样性 南澳岛 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]