GIS支持下的松嫩平原黑土区作物生产力模拟  

Simulating the Crop Productivity at Black Soil Zone of Songnen Plain Supported by GIS

作　　者：王宗明[1] 张柏[1] 宋开山[1] 刘殿伟[1] 李晓燕[2] 李建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林长春130010

出　　处：《农业系统科学与综合研究》2007年第1期27-32,共6页System Sciemces and Comprehensive Studies In Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40401003);中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-356);中国科学院东北振兴科技行动计划重大项目;中国科学院"东北之春"人才培养计划;中国科学院研究生科学与社会实践资助专项

摘　　要：结合作物模拟模型与GIS，分析了松嫩平原黑土区海伦市主要旱地作物玉米和大豆1996-1999年的产量潜势、水分生产力和现实生产力。结果表明，所用方法能够模拟作物各个级别的生产力水平及其空间分布格局。作物产量潜势与太阳辐射关系较密切，1996-1999年，海伦市玉米和大豆的生产潜势分别为7028kg／hm^2-8979kg／hm^2和2250kg／hm^2-3220kg／hm^2。对作物水分生产力的模拟结果表明，因大豆具备固氮功能，不施氮肥情况下大豆水分生产力下降的幅度要明显低于玉米水分生产力的下降幅度。模拟结果同时验证，水分和养分的合理搭配是实现作物较高生产力水平的重要前提。耕地坡度和土壤类型对作物现实生产力均有影响，坡度〈30的耕地作物生产力大于坡度〉30的耕地；对不同土壤类型的作物生产力而言，黑土〉草甸土〉黑钙土。表6，参23。Combining crop simulation model, CropSyst with GIS, this paper analyzed the potential productivity, water productivity and actual productivity of two rainfed crops, maize and soybean from 1996 to 1999. All these studies are at Hailm County, a representative of black soil zone of Songnen Plain. Results showed that the methods we adopted in this paper could simulate the productivity at each level and its spatial distribution patterns. Mainly due to impacts of solar radiation, the potential productivity vary along the cropping seasons, the maximum production levels that maize and soybean can achieve are 7 028 kg/hm^2 - 8 979kg/hm^2 and 2 250 kg/hm^2 - 3 220kg/hm^2 in 4 cropping seasons from 1996 to 1999. Simulation results of crop water productivity confirmed that,because soybean has the capability to fix nitrogen, the decrease degree of water productivity of soybean are significantly smaller than that of maize when no nitrogen was applied. Our analysis also indicated that scientific combination of water and nutrients are major presupposition to attain relatively high crop productivity. For our research, slop and soil type of the cropland also impact the actual crop productivity, the cropland with 〈 3° slope can produce bigger production than that with 〉 3° slope.In addition, for crop productivity under different soil types, the sequence is black soil〉 meadow soil 〉 chemozem.

关 键 词：作物模拟模型 GIS 水分生产力 海伦市 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]